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Is een panter nou zwart of goudgeel met zwartgevlekt?

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Panter of Luipaard (Panthera Pardus)?

De twee namen zijn voornamelijk geografisch gebonden: "luipaard" wordt in de regel gebruikt voor dieren uit Afrika, "panter" voor Aziatische dieren. Dit is echter geen strikte regel en regelmatig worden de namen door elkaar gebruikt (http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luipaard). De luipaard (zo in Afrika genoemd) of Panter (zo in Azië genoemd) is de meest algemene grote kat die zich makkelijk aan allerlei leefgebieden en omstandigheden kan aanpassen. Het belangrijkste criterium voor een goede leefomgeving is de hoeveelheid voedsel. Deze prachtige kat is de meest schuwe en sluwe grote kat; een opportunistische jager!
Wie kent het beeld niet van een luipaard of panter hoog in een boom, lui hangend over een tak met de poten bengelend naar beneden? Of de luipaard die een prooidier, soms zwaarder dan zichzelf, de boom insleept? (http://wildcatsmagazine.nl/wpnl/panter/)

The leopard /ˈlɛpərd/ (Panthera pardus) is one of the five "big cats" in the genus Panthera. Compared to other members of the Felidae, the leopard has relatively short legs and a long body with a large skull. It is similar in appearance to the jaguar, but is smaller and more slightly built. Its fur is marked with rosettes similar to those of the jaguar, but the leopard's rosettes are smaller and more densely packed, and do not usually have central spots as the jaguars do. Both leopards and jaguars that are melanistic are known as black panthers.
It is listed as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List because it is declining in large parts of its range due to habitat loss and fragmentation, and hunting for trade and pest control. It is regionally extinct in Hong Kong, Singapore, Kuwait, Syria, Libya and Tunisia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopard).

Het woord luipaard was oorspronkelijk alleen mannelijk, met dus als lidwoord de. Het gaat terug op het Latijnse leopardus, op zijn beurt ontleend aan het Griekse leopardos, dat een samenstelling is van leon (leeuw) en pardos (panter). Het woord is volksetymologisch veranderd onder invloed van luipen (loeren) en paard. Omdat paard onzijdig is, werd luipaard ook onzijdig. In het begin waarschuwden de woordenboeken nog tegen het onzijdige gebruik, maar het komt desondanks al eeuwen voor en wordt tegenwoordig ook goedgekeurd.
De luipaard is de meest algemene en wijdverbreide grote katachtige, die zich makkelijk aanpast en kan overleven in de nabijheid van de mens. Toch is hij op enkele plaatsen grotendeels verdwenen en veel ondersoorten worden ernstig bedreigd, waaronder de berberluipaard uit Noord-Afrika (begin jaren negentig voor het laatst waargenomen in Marokko), de Amoerpanter (waarschijnlijk niet meer dan vijftig volwassen exemplaren in Oost-Rusland, Noord-China en Noord-Korea) en de Anatolische panter (minder dan 250 volwassen dieren in Zuidwest-Turkije). Vooral de jacht op het dier voor zijn pels en de jacht en vergiftiging van de luipaard en andere roofdieren door veeboeren hebben de totale populatie doen dalen.
In de heraldiek is een luipaard hetzelfde als een gaande leeuw. Deze staat op drie poten, met een poot vooruit gericht (http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luipaard).

Die vraag die opkomt is een panter nou zwart of gevlekt?

De vacht van een luipaard is bedekt met veel zwarte vlekken. Op het lichaam en de bovenste helft van de poten zijn deze vaak gegroepeerd met bruine vlekken in rozetten. Ook zijn er geheel zwarte, niet gegroepeerde vlekken, voornamelijk op de buik, kop en de onderpoten, maar ook op het lichaam. Ook de staart is gevlekt, van het begin tot het midden, maar aan het einde meer geringd. De grondkleur van de meeste dieren is zandgeel of lichtbruin, maar de kleur kan zeer variëren, van bijna wit tot geheel zwart bij de bekende zwarte panters , die vooral in Indonesië en in de Afrikaanse hooglanden leven. De buik, keel en kin zijn wittig. De kleur en vachtlengte hangen af van de plaats waar ze leven, maar toch kunnen zwarte en gele luipaardjongen van dezelfde moeder zijn. De vachttekening biedt het dier camouflage, zodat het gemakkelijk onopgemerkt kan blijven. De oren zijn zwart aan de achterzijde met een opvallende witte tekening in het midden (http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luipaard).

Vaak halen mensen de luipaard en het jachtluipaard (cheeta) door elkaar, terwijl er zoveel duidelijke verschillen zijn tussen deze twee katachtigen. De luipaard is veel zwaarder en sterker dan de cheeta, die op zijn beurt weer veel atletischer gebouwd is en tevens het snelste landdier is. Een cheeta heeft kenmerkende traansporen die lopen vanuit de ooghoeken tot de mondhoeken. Deze traansporen ontbreken bij de luipaard.
Zwarte panters worden vaak poema’s genoemd, terwijl er helemaal geen zwarte poema’s bestaan...
(http://wildcatsmagazine.nl/wpnl/panter/).

There are no authenticated cases of truly melanistic cougars (pumas). Melanistic cougars have never been photographed or shot in the wild and none has ever been bred. Unconfirmed sightings, known as the "North American black panther", are currently attributed to errors in species identification by non-experts, and by the memetic exaggeration of size. Black panthers in the American Southeast feature prominently in Choctaw folklore where, along with the owl, they are often thought to symbolize Death.
In his Histoire Naturelle (1749), Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon, wrote of the "Black Cougar":
"M. de la Borde, King’s physician at Cayenne, informs me, that in the [South American] Continent there are three species of rapacious animals; that the first is the jaguar, which is called the tiger; that the second is the couguar [sic], called the red tiger, on account of the uniform redness of his hair; that the jaguar is of the size of a large bull-dog, and weighs about 200 pounds [90 kg]; that the cougar is smaller, less dangerous, and not so frequent in the neighbourhood of Cayenne as the jaguar; and that both these animals take six years in acquiring their full growth. He adds, that there is a third species in these countries, called the black tiger, of which we have given a figure under the appellation of the black cougar. The head is pretty similar to that of the common cougar; but the animal has long black hair, and likewise a long tail, with strong whiskers. He weighs not much above forty pounds [18 kg]. The female brings forth her young in the hollows of old trees."
This "black cougar" was most likely a margay or ocelot, which are under 40 pounds (18 kg) in weight, live in trees, and do have melanistic phases.
Another description of a black cougar was provided by Thomas Pennant:
"Black tiger, or cat, with the head black, sides, fore part of the legs, and the tail, covered with short and very glossy hairs, of a dusky color, sometimes spotted with black, but generally plain: Upper lips white: At the corner of the mouth a black spot: Long hairs above each eye, and long whiskers on the upper lip: Lower lip, throat, belly, and the inside of the legs, whitish, or very pale ash-color: Paws white: Ears pointed: Grows to the size of a heifer of a year old: Has vast strength in its limbs.-- Inhabits Brasil and Guiana: Is a cruel and fierce beast; much dreaded by the Indians; but happily is a scarce species."
According to his translator Smellie (1781), the description was taken from two black cougars exhibited in London some years previously (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_panther#Cougar).

...en ook bestaat er vaak verwarring over panters en jaguars. Een jaguar is een variant die voorkomt in Midden – en Zuid-Amerika. Ondanks hun uiterlijke gelijkvormigheid heeft de jaguar een zwaardere lichaamsbouw, een robuustere verschijning met stevigere poten. Zijn kop is ook groter en breder dan die van de luipaard/panter. De vlekken (rosetten) op de vacht van de jaguar zijn groter en donkerder dan bij de luipaard/panter.
De kleur van de vacht is zandgeel of lichtbruin, maar kan ook geheel zwart zijn. De vacht is bedekt met zwarte en bruine vlekken (rosetten). Ook bij de zwarte dieren zie je door de zwarte vacht heen dezelfde vlekken. In een nest kunnen zowel gewoon gekleurde als zwart gekleurde jongen voorkomen. De kleur van de vacht biedt goede camouflage, wat handig is bij het jagen
(http://wildcatsmagazine.nl/wpnl/panter/).

Luipaarden komen voor in geheel Afrika (m.u.v. de Sahara) en panters komen voor in veel Aziatische landen; Arabië, Turkije, Iran, voormalige Sovjet-Unie, China, India, Sri Lanka, Maleisië, Java en Bali. Hun leefomgeving loopt sterk uiteen van droge woestijnen, regenwouden, koude naaldbossen, tropische savannes en zelfs op de Kilimanaro zijn luipaarden gesignaleerd. Voldoende voedsel en voldoende schuilplaatsen, met hoge begroeiing, bomen of rotsen, zijn het belangrijkst (http://wildcatsmagazine.nl/wpnl/panter/).


Er worden meerdere ondersoorten van de luipaard onderscheiden. Enkele zijn:
Afrikaanse luipaard (Panthera pardus pardus) – Bijna met uitsterven bedreigd
Zanzibarluipaard (Panthera pardus adersi) – waarschijnlijk uitgestorven
Berberluipaard (Panthera pardus panthera) – waarschijnlijk uitgestorven
Arabische luipaard (Panthera pardus nimr) – Ernstig met uitsterven bedreigd
Anatolische panter (Panthera pardus tulliana) – Met uitsterven bedreigd
Perzische panter (Panthera pardus saxicolor) – Kwetsbaar / Bedreigd
Indische panter (Panthera pardus fusca) – Kwetsbaar
Sri Lankaanse panter (Panthera pardus kotiya) – Kwetsbaar
Achterindische panter (Panthera pardus delacouri)
Javaanse panter (Panthera pardus melas)
Amoerpanter of Amoerluipaard (Panthera pardus orientalis) (ook bekend onder de namen Siberische luipaard of Verre-Oostelijke luipaard) – Met uitsterven bedreigd
Noord-Chinese panter (Panthera pardus japonensis) – Gevoelig
De zwarte panter is geen ondersoort, maar een kleurvariëteit, die bij meerdere ondersoorten voorkomt (http://wildcatsmagazine.nl/wpnl/panter/http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luipaard).


A black panther is typically a melanistic color variant of any Panthera species. Black panthers in Asia and Africa are leopards (Panthera pardus). Black panthers in the Americas are black jaguars (Panthera onca) (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_panther).


Melanism is a development of the dark-colored pigment melanin in the skin or its appendages and is the opposite of albinism. Historically, it was also the medical term for black jaundice.[2] The word melanism is deduced from the Greek: μελανός, meaning "black pigment" (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanism). Melanism in the jaguar (Panthera onca) is conferred by a dominant allele, and in the leopard (Panthera pardus) by a recessive allele. Close examination of the color of these black cats will show that the typical markings are still present, but are hidden by the excess black pigment melanin, giving an effect similar to that of printed silk. This is called "ghost striping". Melanistic and non-melanistic animals can be littermates. It is thought that melanism may confer a selective advantage under certain conditions since it is more common in regions of dense forest, where light levels are lower. Recently, preliminary studies also suggest that melanism might be linked to beneficial mutations in the immune system (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_panther).

The jaguar (Panthera onca) is a big cat, a feline in the Panthera genus, and is the only Panthera species native to the Americas. The jaguar is the third-largest feline after the tiger and the lion, and the largest in the Western Hemisphere. The jaguar's present range extends from Southwestern United States and Mexico across much of Central America and south to Paraguay and northern Argentina. The jaguar is a near threatened species and its numbers are declining.
The word 'jaguar' comes to English from one of the Tupi–Guarani languages, presumably the Amazonian trade language Tupinambá, via Portuguese jaguar. The Tupian word, yaguara "beast", is sometimes translated as "dog". The specific word for jaguar is yaguareté, with the suffix -eté meaning "real" or "true".
The first component of its taxonomic designation, Panthera, is Latin, from the Greek word for leopard, πάνθηρ, the type species for the genus. This has been said to derive from the παν- "all" and θήρ from θηρευτής "predator", meaning "predator of all" (animals), though this may be a folk etymology—it may instead be ultimately of Sanskrit origin, from pundarikam, the Sanskrit word for "tiger".
Onca is the Portuguese onça, with the cedilla dropped for typographical reasons, found in English as ounce for the snow leopard, Panthera uncia. It derives from the Latin lyncea lynx, with the letter L confused with the definite article (Italian lonza, Old French l'once).
The jaguar, Panthera onca, is the only extant New World member of the Panthera genus. DNA evidence shows the lion, tiger, leopard, jaguar, snow leopard, and clouded leopard share a common ancestor, and that this group is between six and ten million years old; the fossil record points to the emergence of Panthera just two to 3.8 million years ago. Phylogenetic studies generally have shown the clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa) is basal to this group. The position of the remaining species varies between studies and is effectively unresolved (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaguar).


De jaguar is de grootste en sterkste kat van Amerika. Het is een stevig gebouwd en krachtig dier met een brede kop en sterke kaken. De poten zijn relatief kort, maar erg sterk. De staart zorgt voor evenwicht bij het springen. De vacht is lichtgeel tot roodbruin met zwarte rozetten, ronde of ovale vlekken met daarin één of twee donkere stippen. Midden op de rug verandert de rij zwarte vlekken soms in een doorlopende lijn. Daarnaast bestaat er ook een melanistische (zwarte) variant, waarbij de vlekken wel te zien zijn in de zon.
Er wordt een achttal ondersoorten onderscheiden:
Neotropisch:
1. Panthera onca onca: Amazone- en Orinocobassin (Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, Noord- en Centraal-Brazilië, oostelijk Bolivia). Stabiel.
2. Panthera onca hernandesi: westelijk Mexico. Bedreigd.
3. Panthera onca goldmanni: schiereiland van Yucatán. Bedreigd.
4. Panthera onca centralis: Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia. Kwetsbaar.
5. Panthera onca peruviana: Peru Kwetsbaar.
6. Panthera onca palustris: Zuidelijk Brazilië tot noordelijk Argentinië. Bedreigd.
Nearctisch:
7. Panthera onca ariconensis: Zuidoost-Arizona, Noordwest-Mexico. Bedreigd.
8. Panthera onca veracrucensis: Zuidwest-Texas tot Tamaulipas, Veracruz tot Tabasco. Bedreigd.
Alleen de Panthera onca onca wordt niet bedreigd (http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaguar).

Jaguar is an alcoholic drink/energy drink mixed beverage which is widely available in some post-Soviet countries. It is an industrially produced carbonated ready-to-drink cocktail by Happyland LLC (Moscow)/IBB Ltd. (London). Jaguar is described as extremely popular with young people, despite the fact that its sale to under-18s is prohibited. Jaguar has a reputation for being often abused by gopniki. In 2010, the alcohol content of Jaguar was reduced from 9% to 7% vol. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaguar_(beverage)). Gopnik (Russian: го́пник) (plural gopniki, gopota, gopari) is a sub-culture native to Russia and post-Soviet countries (and in rather limited numbers, in Israel), characterized by squatting, aggressive behavior, a predilection to the Blat criminal subculture, and abuse of alcohol (specifically beer, vodka and"Jaguar" cocktail) (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gopnik).

Nu we het toch over alcohol hebben. Dit is geen biologieblog, maar een bierblog:




Black Panther (8%) is een stout en heeft een panter als logo (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Panther_Premium_Stout). Het logo lijkt op dat van het automerk Jaguar (http://beyondbagot.wordpress.com/2009/08/21/tropical-beer-notes-13/http://biervat.blogspot.nl/2013/06/cambodia.html).




Wacht even!? Panther Stout Original Munich Schwarzbier??? Sinds wanneer is een stout een zwartbier en is zwartbier uit Munchen?? (http://sayundi.deviantart.com/art/Panther-Stout-Beer-424042012)
SanTan Brewing Company


SanTan Brewing’s seasonal Double Chocolate (2x the chocolate!) Porter, Sex Panther, hit store shelves...some things you probably don’t know about this tasty beer.
It debuted in 2011 as a chocolate barleywine…
And was named by SanTan Brewing co-founder, Aaron Sanchez. When the style changed to a Double Chocolate Porter, the name stuck.
The Colonial Rosewood Cocoa used to make Sex Panther is imported by SanTan Brewing from Honduras.  The amount used in each batch is a trade secret.
Rubens Scalleri, a Brazilian artist, designed the logo.  He’s currently working on some new logos for SanTan.  The illustration below is called, “The Black Panther Party.”  Look familiar?
(www.azbeersommelier.com/uncategorized/8-things-you-probably-dont-know-about-santan-brewings-sex-panther/)

8 S. San Marcos Pl., Chandler, AZ 85225 United States
(January 8, 2014) Chandler, AZ —Craft beer fanatics and lovers of all things smooth and chocolate know that Sex Panther brings the flavor while taming the beast within. Whether you’re getting cozy with a box of chocolates or smoking up a pork roast, Sex Panther will have you purring like a kitten with its chocolaty flavor and smooth as silk drinkability.Sex Panther is made with Colonial Rosewood Cocoa and a large dose of chocolate malt—there’s no chance of missing the chocolaty flavors in this brew! (www.craftbeer.com/news/beer-release/santan-brewing-companys-sex-panther-double-chocolate-porter-is-back-yeah-baby
SEX PANTHER DOUBLE CHOCOLATE PORTER
ABV 6.9% | IBU 20
HOPS: Columbus/CTZ
MALT: 2-Row, White Wheat, Caramel, Munich, Special Roast, Chocolate

YEAST: SanTan House Yeast
Sex Panther Double Chocolate Porter is a Winter Seasonal that is brewed with Colonial Rosewood Cocoa and large amounts of Chocolate malt giving this beer a huge chocolaty flavor combined with hints of truffle and molasses. White Wheat is added to give Sex Panther a smooth, creamy head that lasts all night! (www.santanbrewing.com/the-beer/sex-panther/)


Moorhouses Black Panther (4,8%)
Originally a special for JD Wetherspoons Autumn 2009 International Real Ale Festival but has reappeared since. This dark, rich ale is a stronger version of this brewery’s award-winning Black Cat. It’s been brewed for the first time in several years especially for this JDW beer festival. The succulent aroma leads to a domination of chocolate on the palate, with notes of caramel, dark fruit and spicy hops also present. Hops used: Fuggles (www.ratebeer.com/beer/moorhouses-black-panther/112723/).



Witte Panter is een zwaar tarwebier vergist met Weizen-gist, smaakvol en robuust. Voor 10 liter bier van ongeveer 7% (www.brouwmout.nl/witte-panter/).


Umqomboti is a product steeped in history and the culture of the people of Africa and UNB has committed itself to producing and distributing only the highest quality products and offer celebrated brands with strong support to a solid base of discerning consumers. The major UNB product representation country wide is in the form of three brands: Chibuku, iJuba and Leopard Special (www.unbreweries.co.za/view/unb/en/page60.html).









Three Stooges Beer
The Three Stooges in Beer Barrel Polecats (1946)
The Stooges make a whole batch of homemade beer,Panther Pilsner, but get tossed in jail when Curly sells some to a cop. Their minor indiscretion turns into a forty year sentence when a keg of beer Curly has hidden under his coat explodes while the boys are being photographed. In prison the stooges get into more trouble with the warden and wind on the rockpile when they try to escape. Released as old men with long gray beards, the first thing Curly wants is a bottle of beer (www.beerinfo.com/index.php/pages/PantherPilsner.html).



Panther Brewing
Clear gold in color, the lightly-carbonated brew matches a light body with an extremely light pale malt flavor. Very mild hops support the full mouthfeel and an even flavor balance leads into a very clean finish. Packed in twist-off bottles, this light lager comes across clean, smooth and light, but will NOT be confused with a "light beer" from one of the "Big Three."
Reviewed by Tom Ciccateri - April, 2000 (http://realbeer.com/nmvbp/3stooges.htm)

Her recept van panther beer is geïnspireerd op deze film van The Three Stooges:

De Three Stooges doen aan thuisbrouwen!
The three stooges
De Three Stooges waren een Amerikaanse komische act, vooral bekend door de ongeveer 190 korte slapstick-films die ze in de jaren dertig, veertig en vijftig maakten voor Columbia Pictures. Er zijn in totaal zes Stooges geweest, maar de vier voornaamsten waren Larry Fine (1902-1975) en de drie gebroeders Howard: Shemp (1895-1955), Moe (1897-1975) en Curly (1903-1952) (http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Stooges).


De films van de Three Stooges worden gekenmerkt door nogal gewelddadige slapstick. De Stooges delen oorvijgen uit, slaan elkaar met hamers en steken met vingers in elkaars ogen. Deze handtastelijkheden worden dik aangezet met geluidseffecten (http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Stooges).


The Three Stooges were an American vaudeville and comedy act of the mid–20th century (1930–1975) best known for their numerous short subject films, still syndicated to television. Their hallmark was physical farce and slapstick. In films, the Stooges were commonly known by their first names: "Moe, Larry, and Curly" or "Moe, Larry, and Shemp", among other lineups depending on the films; there were six active stooges, five of whom performed in the shorts. Moe and Larry were always present until the very last years of the ensemble's forty-plus-year run.
The act began as part of a late-twenties vaudeville comedy act, billed as Ted Healy and his Stooges, consisting of Healy, Moe Howard, his brother Shemp Howard, and Larry Fine. The four made one feature film entitled Soup to Nuts before Shemp left to pursue a solo career. He was replaced by his younger brother Jerome (Curly Howard) in 1932, and the trio eventually left Healy to launch their own act, billed as The Three Stooges.
Curly suffered a debilitating stroke in May 1946, and Shemp returned, reinstating the original lineup until Shemp's death in November 1955. Film actor Joe Palma was used as a temporary stand-in; the maneuver thereafter became known as the term of art Fake Shemp—to complete four Shemp-era shorts under contract. The coining of the term took place before a new contract from Columbia but after comic Joe Besser joined as the third Stooge in a run in '56–57—but he left in 1958 to nurse his ailing spouse. Columbia terminated its shorts division and released its Stooges contractual rights to the Screen Gems production studio. When Screen Gems syndicated the shorts to television, the Stooges became one of the most popular comedy act of the early 1960s. They also made a cameo appearance in the 1963 comedy classic It's a Mad Mad Mad Mad World.
Comic actor Joe DeRita became "Curly Joe" in 1958, replacing Besser. With the television exposure, the act regained momentum throughout the 1960s as popular kiddie fare until Larry Fine's paralyzing stroke in January 1970. Fine died in 1975 after a further series of strokes. Moe tried one final time to revive the Stooges with longtime supporting actor Emil Sitka in Larry's role but this attempt was cut short with Moe's death in May 1975 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Three_Stooges).



Ik kende ze niet. Ik kende wel de naam, maar het blijkt dat ik ze verwarde met de Marx brothers:

The Marx Brothers was de naam voor een groep Amerikaans-joodse komieken uit de eerste helft van de twintigste eeuw, die ook werkelijk broers waren. Hun carrière ving aan in het theater, maar zij werden wereldberoemd door hun films.
Ze staan bekend om hun wilde, anarchistische en vaak surrealistische humor. Hun grappen bestaan uit slapstick, maar eveneens uit woordspelingen en intelligente dialogen. Met hun rebelse grappen waren ze de voorlopers van generaties anti-sentimentele komieken en één van de eerste joodse filmkomieken, waarmee ze de weg vrijmaakten voor mensen als Mel Brooks en Woody Allen (http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Marx_Brothers).


The Marx Brothers were a family comedy act that was successful in vaudeville, on Broadway, and in motion pictures from 1905 to 1949. The core of the act was the three elder brothers, Chico, Harpo, and Groucho; each developed a highly distinctive stage persona. The two younger brothers, Gummo and Zeppo, did not develop their stage characters to the same extent, and eventually left the act to pursue other careers. Gummo was not in any of the movies; Zeppo appeared in the first five films in relatively straight (non-comedic) roles.
One evening in 1912, a performance at the Opera House in Nacogdoches, Texas, was interrupted by shouts from outside about a runaway mule. The audience hurried out to see what was happening. When the audience returned, Groucho, angered by the interruption, made snide comments about its members, including "Nacogdoches is full of roaches" and "The jackass is the flower of Tex-ass". Instead of becoming angry, the audience laughed. The family then realized it had potential as a comic troupe. (However, in his autobiography, Harpo Speaks, Harpo Marx states that the runaway mule incident occurred in Ada, Oklahoma. A 1930 article in the San Antonio Express newspaper states that the incident took place in Marshall, Texas.)
The act slowly evolved from singing with comedy to comedy with music. The brothers' sketch... titled Home Again, was written by their uncle, Al Shean. ... in 1915, 14-year-old Zeppo joined his four brothers.... Then Gummo left to serve in World War I, reasoning that "anything is better than being an actor!" Zeppo replaced him in their final vaudeville years and in the jump to Broadway, and then to Paramount films.
During World War I, anti-German sentiments were common, and the family tried to conceal its German origin. After learning that farmers were excluded from the draft rolls, mother Minnie purchased a 27-acre (110,000 m2) poultry farm near Countryside, Illinois, but the brothers soon found that chicken ranching was not in their blood.[20] During this time, Groucho discontinued his "German" stage personality.
By this time, "The Four Marx Brothers" had begun to incorporate their unique style of comedy into their act and to develop their characters. Both Groucho's and Harpo's memoirs say that their now-famous on-stage personae were created by Al Shean. Groucho began to wear his trademark greasepaint mustache and to use a stooped walk. Harpo stopped speaking onstage and began to wear a red fright wig and carry a taxi-cab horn. Chico spoke with a fake Italian accent, developed off-stage to deal with neighborhood toughs, while Zeppo adopted the role of the romantic (and "peerlessly cheesy", according to James Agee) straight man.
The on-stage personalities of Groucho, Chico and Harpo were said to have been based on their actual traits. Zeppo, on the other hand, was considered the funniest brother offstage, despite his straight stage roles (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marx_Brothers).

Groucho maakte reclame voor bier:


Of wat te denken van Marx Brewing Co. of Wyandotte, MI :
EST: 1878
YEAR CLOSED: 1936
(www.pearedcreation.com/shop/marx-brewing-co-of-wyandotte)



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