Hopsoorten deel 2 van oneindig

Op http://www.beeradvocate.com/beer/101/hops/ en http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_hop_varieties is een groot overzicht aan hopsoorten te vinden (net zoals op www.homebrewstuff.com/hop-profiles en www.hopscheuten.nl/rassen/), zoals:

Cascade 
Cascade is an aroma-type cultivar which originated as the first commercial hop from the USDA-ARS breeding program. It was bred in 1956 but not released for cultivation until 1972. It reached its peak in 1975 when it produced 13.3% of the total American crop. It was obtained by crossing an English Fuggle with a male plant, which originated from the Russian variety Serebrianka with a Fuggle male plant.
A very popular U.S. variety, with a moderate bitterness level and fragrant, flowery aroma. Cascade is often used in highly hopped West Coast ales that have a citrus-floral hop character. (alpha acid: 4.5-6.0% / beta acid: 5.0-7.0% ) (www.beeradvocate.com/beer/101/hops/ en http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_hop_varieties)

Cascade hop wordt geacht een citrus/grapefruit-achtig aroma aan bier te geven (www.hobbybrouwen.nl/forum/index.php?topic=1217.0). Cascade is the hop that started a revolution. Developed by the USDA at Oregon State University for release in 1972, Cascade boasts a myrcene content of 45-60% of its total oil composition—this is the pungent aroma compound in thyme, marijuana, and yes—hops. Though you may not have known what it was called, you've definitely tasted it (http://drinks.seriouseats.com/2012/10/how-to-indentify-hops-in-beer-centennial-columbus-cascade-tastes-like.html).


Deze hopvariëteit is een “aromahop”, bij het bierbrouwen voornamelijk gebruikt voor zijn aromatisch eigenschappen. Het is een kruising tussen de hopvariëteit Fuggle en een mannelijke hopplant (waarschijnlijk een kruising tussen Fuggle en een Russische hopvariëteit Serebrianka). Deze soort stamt uit een Amerikaans teeltprogramma dat in 1956 begon met het verzamelen van zaden. Onderzoekers aan de Oregon State University kruisten vervolgens diverse soorten, waarbij met name werd gelet op resistentie tegen valse meeldauw. De hop werd gecommercialiseerd vanaf 1971. De naam verwijst naar de Cascade Range, een bergketen die onder andere door de staat Oregon loopt (https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cascade_(hop)).


This particular hops variety took life in 1972 and has certainly won some hearts in the brewing industry. Bread by the U.S.D.A in Oregon, Cascade Hops can be found overwhelmingly in a number of commercial U.S. beers.
Cascade hops contains moderate alpha acid content ranging from 4.5% to 7%. Its real strength in brewing is in the aroma, as it was the premier aroma hop developed in the U.S. This mettlesome grower bears a verdant, botanic bouquet. It carries some spicyness to it as well. The aroma of Cascade also comes with citrus, sometimes compared to grapefruit. This no doubt comes from the higher levels of myrcene. Farnesene also registers fairly high in Cascade, which is used in the perfume and food industry.
Cascade is fairly resistance to disease and fungus, but its inability to store well, makes it lose some hops points. Its parents include Fuggle and Serebrianker, which is a Russian Variety. Cascade is one of the most accessible and ritual hops (in the U.S.) for making homebrews and commercial beers, and rhizomes are readily available as well (http://beerlegends.com/cascade-us-hops).


Zeer succesvolle en gevestigde Amerikaanse aroma hop ontwikkeld doot de Oregon State University’s kweekprogramma uit Fuggle en Serebrianker (Russische variant). Pas in 1972 beschikbaar gekomen voor teelt. Geeft de karakteristieke citrus/grapefruit smaak aan Sierra Nevada Pale Ale. Een van de “Three C’s” samen met Centennial en Columbus van de Cascade serie. Vervangers: Centennial en Columbus (deze soorten hebben wel een hoger alfazuur gehalte) (www.hopscheuten.nl/rassen/).





Centennial 
Centennial is an aroma-type cultivar, bred in 1974 and released in 1990. The genetic composition is 3/4 Brewers Gold, 3/32 Fuggle, 1/16 East Kent Golding, 1/32 Bavarian and 1/16 unknown.
A relatively new hop on the market, this hop used to be called CFJ90. Described by some as a "Super Cascade" and we tend to agree, but it's not nearly as "citrusy". Some even use it for aroma as well as bittering. Bitterness is quite clean and can have floral notes depending on the boil time. (alpha acid: 9.5-11.5% / beta acid: 4.0-5.0%) (www.beeradvocate.com/beer/101/hops/ en
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_hop_varieties)

Amerikaanse aroma hop gekweekt in 1974 en vrijgegeven voor teelt in 1990. Vergelijkbaar met Cascade en Chinook. Een van de “Three Cs” samen met Cascade en Columbus (www.hopscheuten.nl/rassen/).


Similar in flavor profile is the hop sometimes called "super Cascade:" Centennial. Boasting an elevated alpha acid content—this is the stuff that makes hops taste bitter—of 8 to 11%, compared to Cascade's 4 to 6%, Centennial yields a more potent bitterness when used in similar quantities (http://drinks.seriouseats.com/2012/10/how-to-indentify-hops-in-beer-centennial-columbus-cascade-tastes-like.html).


Named after the Washington State festival sharing the same name, this variety was another brain child of the USDA. Once again, Brewer's Gold Hops was used along with Fuggle, East Kent Golding, Bavarian, and one other unknown variety to produce this dark yellow lupulin producer.
Centennial Hops was first created in 1974 and boasts an alpha acid rating of 9.5%-11.5%. It is sometimes referred to as a Super Cascade, however it is lighter on the citrus aromas. Centennial works undoubtedly well in Pale Ales and India Pale Ales, where some bottom line bitterness in beer is needed with the top end aroma. The floral flavor and aroma of this variety is evident in many commercial beers.
Centennial has seen a resurgence in both the beer making and hops growing industry. In its short life, it has seen rise and fall, and is now on an upswing. Its versatility in different beer styles, resistance to disease and fungus, and moderate storagability will keep Centennial in the American mainstream for some time to come (http://beerlegends.com/centennial-hops).

Often referred to as “Super Cascade” for its Cascade-like aroma combined with higher bittering potential, Centennial came to life in 1974 at the USDA Prosser, Washington facility from a cross involving Brewer’s Gold, Fuggle, East Kent Golding, a dash of this and a dash of that.  Citrus and floral tones dominate with this aroma variety, packaged with substantial alpha acid levels that make Centennial a versatile hop.  Lack of macro brewery interest nearly rang the death bell for Centennial before craft brewers threw out a lifeline.  Today Centennial is a craft favorite and growing fast in popularity (www.indiehops.com/hop_varieties.asp?ugg-6553.html).



Challenger
The Challenger hop was originally bred at Wye College in 1961, as a combination of Northern Brewer and a German male downy-mildew resistant variety. Today, Challenger is primarily used in British ales and lagers in its native land, the UK.
Because of its lineage, Challenger has both a high level of alpha acids and a strong aroma. The result is a floral yet spicy hop that's moderate in intensity. This combination makes Challenger a hop that can be played with in a variety of different beer styles - mostly English - ranging from ESBs, porters, stouts, and brown ales. Add Challenger to the beginning of the boil to add some bitterness to the brew, or at the end to bring out the aroma. You'll get hints of marmalade, lemon, and spicy flavors from a Challenger-hopped beer.
ORIGIN: Challenger was bred at Wye College in England, in 1961. It was first released for commercial use in 1968. Challenger is also now grown in Belgium and the U.S. (http://brooklynbrewshop.com/themash/hop-of-the-month-challenger/)

English hop geïntroduceerd in 1972. Zeer populaire dubbeldoel hop in vooral Engelse ales. Vervangers: East Kent Goldings, Phoenix, Styrian Goldings, British Columbian Goldings (www.hopscheuten.nl/rassen/). Deze hopvariëteit is een “dubbeldoelhop”, bij het bierbrouwen gebruikt zowel voor zijn aromatische als zijn bittereigenschappen. Deze Engelse variëteit werd gekweekt in het Wye College te Kent in 1963, met als voorvader Northern Brewer en in 1972 op de markt gebracht (https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Challenger_(hop)). Challenger was released in 1972 by Wye College in the UK. Its Aunt is Northdown and its Grandmother is Northern Brewer.  It is a tall hop with good resistance to downy mildew but it is susceptible to powdery mildew and wilt. It has good growing characteristics, long slender cones and is high yielding. Its storage stability is good (www.britishhops.org.uk/challenger/).



Chinook
Chinook is a bittering variety with aroma characteristics released in May, 1985. It was bred by crossing a Petham Golding with the USDA 63012 male.
A high alpha acid hop with a wonderful herbal, almost smoky character when used as an aromatic during the last few minutes of the boil when dry hoping. Excellent for hopping American-style Pale Ales, especially those brewed to higher gravities. (alpha acid: 12.0-14.0% / beta acid: 3.0-4.0%)
ColumbusThis high alpha variety has a pungent aroma and clean bittering. Excellent for bitter ales and American IPA styles, and can be dramatic when dry hopped. (average alpha acid: 12%)
ClusterCluster originated from mass selection of the Cluster hop, which is an old American cultivar. It is suggested that they arose from hybridization of varieties, imported by Dutch and English settlers and indigenous male hops. (alpha acid: 5.5-8.5% / beta acid: 4.5-5.5%) (www.beeradvocate.com/beer/101/hops/ en http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_hop_varieties)

Amerikaanse kruising tussen Petham Golding een USDA-geselecteerde mannelijke plant. Licht kruidig en dennenachtig. Vervangers, Bitter: Eroica, Galena, Nugget. Aroma: Southern Cross, Sticklebract (www.hopscheuten.nl/rassen/). Deze hopvariëteit is een “dubbeldoelhop”, bij het bierbrouwen gebruikt zowel voor zijn aromatische als zijn bittereigenschappen. Deze Amerikaanse variëteit werd in 1985 op de markt gebracht en is een kruising tussen Petham Golding en een Amerikaanse mannelijke plant (USDA 63012M) met hoog alfazuurgehalte en goede bewaarbaarheid (https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinook_(hop)).



Chinook Hops was a child of the 1980's, introduced the same year as Rocky IV (Rocky vs. Ivan Drago)....ie 1985. The USDA crossed Petham Golding with USDA 63102 variety and out came this craft brewer's delight.
Chinook Hops will add 12%-14% alpha acid content to your hops schedule. It is a dual purpose alpha variety, and is good for the beginning of the boil, or mid-additions in brewing. Chinook is popular in American style beers such as Pale Ale and India Pale ale, but extends itself well to Seasonal Ales, and darker beers including Porter, Stout, and Barley Wines. It has a heavy aroma, and somewhat spicy bouquet. Some piney and herbal notes will be evident in a fresh batch (http://beerlegends.com/chinook-hops).

The most popular beer that uses Chinook hops, at least according to urban legend (https://thenobleexperiment.wordpress.com/2011/10/17/hop-infused-gin/).


Citra
Nieuwe Amerikaanse variant. Kruising tussen Hallertauer Mittelfruh, U.S. Tettnanger, East Kent Golding, Bavarian, Brewers Gold en andere onbekende hopsoorten. Heeft een sterk citrus aroma en smaak. Nog een nieuwe variant die populair aan het worden is als dubbeldoel hop (www.hopscheuten.nl/rassen/).


The Citra hop is a high alpha acid hop with a strong, yet smooth floral and citrus aroma and flavor. This is a fairly new hop variety which has recently caught on and become as popular as it in intense in both aroma and flavor (http://craftbeeracademy.com/hop-of-the-week-citra/).


Deze hopvariëteit is een “aromahop”, bij het bierbrouwen voornamelijk gebruikt voor zijn aromatisch eigenschappen. Oorspronkelijk uit de Verenigde Staten, ontwikkeld door de Hop Breeding Company (een joint venture tussen John I. Haas Inc. en de Select Botanicals Group, LLC) (https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citra).

Released in 2009 by the Hop Breeding Co., Ltd, Citra has made a quick impact on the worldwide beer scene. Readily embraced by Sierra Nevada, the hop had big names behind it from the beginning, but conducting the Citra hype-train was beer-maker Kern River Brewing Company. With its appropriately-named Citra Double IPA (currently listed as the #10 beer in the world on Beer Advocate), the brewery was quickly awarded cult status and the hop has since been at the forefront of the trend toward tropical-fruit driven DIPA over the last few years (http://drinks.seriouseats.com/2012/11/how-to-identify-hops-in-your-beer-amarilla-summit-citra-simcoe-bold-hop-flavors-for-homebrewing.html).

Sierra Nevada (and two other breweries) funded the research and development of this variety and we own most of the acreage available in the world, (which is something like 3 acres). This hop has a crazy strange flavor profile, leaning toward pineapple, mango, papaya and other tropical fruit flavors and aromas. As always, we use only whole cone hops.” (http://beerbasics.squarespace.com/
blog/2011/8/8/citra-the-non-grapefruit-american-hop.html)



...citra hops are the most popular hop to use in new American Pale Ales and IPAs these days. Per Against the Grain Brewery citra was “bred as a hybrid of a number of different hops, including Hallertauer Mittelfrüh, U.S. Tettnanger, East Kent Golding, Bavarian, Brewers Gold, and other unknown hops. The resulting hop, Citra, has a distinct citrusy and tropical fruit flavor and aroma.” (http://mkebeerexchange.com/events/event/milwaukee-beer-society-citra-hop-showcase/)





Cluster
Afstammend van selectie van Cluster hop, een oude Amerikaanse cultivar. Er word gesuggereerd dat deze soort afkomstig is van hybrides van varianten die geimporteerd zijn door Nederlandse en Engelse kolonisten en inheemse mannelijke hop planten. Ook bekend als Golden Cluster, gebruikt als de enige bittere hop in het bekende Queensland, Australia beer XXXX Gold en XXXX Bitter. Biedt een zwarte bessen aroma/smaak. Vervanger: Brewer’s Gold (www.hopscheuten.nl/rassen/). Deze hopvariëteit is een “dubbeldoelhop”, bij het bierbrouwen gebruikt zowel voor zijn aromatische als zijn bittereigenschappen. Deze Amerikaanse cultivar is waarschijnlijk een kruising tussen een Engelse variëteit en een Amerikaanse mannelijke plant en waarschijnlijk de oudste Amerikaanse cultivar. De variëteit werd door selectie verbeterd midden de jaren zestig. Cluster bestaat in verschillende variëteiten, Early Cluster, Yakima Cluster die afgeleid is van Late Cluster, op zijn beurt afgeleid van Pacific Coast Cluster (ook wel gekend als Old English Cluster) (https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster_(hop)).

Cluster Hops comes from, as they say, mass selection. This translates to varieties were likely transported from europe, potentially by the Dutch and English settlers, and after years of growing, hybridization, likely open pollination, a strong sample was chosen and given the name Cluster. Due to its history trail, and early use, it is believed to be one of the oldest American hops used en mass beer production (http://beerlegends.com/cluster-hops).


By the turn of the 20th century nearly every hop grown in the country was Cluster (96%). After Prohibition, Clusters continued to dominate; in 1935, they occupied 90% of the market.
American hops weren't prized; they had high alphas, high cohumulone, and were regarded as pungent and harsh. Brewers used American hops for bitter charges and then scented and flavored their beers with the sweet nectar of low-alpha, low-cohumulone hops from Europe. For 350 years, American brewers bought in to the notion that their local hops, which definitely differed from European hops, were inferior. As that all changed, mainly when American craft brewers began to discover that local hops were indeed tasty and aromatic, and the Cluster hop--the original "C" hop--faded from sight (http://beervana.blogspot.nl/2011/06/taste-of-past-cluster-hops.html).

Columbus (CTZ)
Hoogproductieve, hoge alfazuren Amerikaanse bittere hop. Ook bekend onder de handelsnaam Tomahawk. Een van de “Three Cs” samen met Cascade en Centennial. Zoals die andere soorten is dit soort met een citrus achtige licht houtige smaak/aroma. Vervangers: Bitter: Nugget en Chinook. Aroma/smaak: Cascade, Centennial (www.hopscheuten.nl/rassen/).Deze hopvariëteit is een “bitterhop”, bij het bierbrouwen voornamelijk gebruikt voor zijn bittereigenschappen. Deze hopvariëteit draagt het label Super High Alpha en is ondertussen heel populair geworden in de Verenigde Staten. Onderzoeken met een gaschromatograaf hebben uitgewezen dat Tomahawk een identieke hopvariëteit is en de variëteit Zeus zo goed als identiek en zodoende niet kan onderscheiden worden van de andere twee (https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbus_(hop)).


Columbus, thankfully, is more distinctive. Also known as Tomahawk, Zeus, or CTZ (Columbus, Tomahawk and Zeus, appropriately), Columbus is treasured for its high oil content, which yields an especially potent aroma. It smells something like earth, herbs, or marijuana, and often takes a supporting role providing depth and complexity to brighter hop bills containing citrusy top notes from Cascade, Centennial, or other hops. Though much of the beer community prefers to avoid using the word "dank" to describe beer, the resinous Columbus is often a driving force behind that description (http://drinks.seriouseats.com/2012/10/how-to-indentify-hops-in-beer-centennial-columbus-cascade-tastes-like.html). The Columbus hop actually comes from issues with copyrights and patents between Yakima Chef, Inc and Charles E. Zimmerman. Zimmerman originally produced this variety. To clean the issue up, a joint venture was formed and named HUSA-CEZ, LLC. This is a deal between Zimmerman and Hopunion, USA (http://craftbeeracademy.com/hop-of-the-week-columbus/).

Crystal 
Crystal is a triploid aroma-type cultivar, released for commercial production in 1993. It originates from a seedling selection (No. 8309-37) made at Corvallis in 1983 between the colchicine - induced tetraploid 'Hallertau mf' (USDA 21397) and the diploid male downy mildew resistant aroma hop, USDA 21381M. Crystal is a half-sister of Mt. Hood and Liberty. (alpha acid: 4.0-6.0% / beta acid: 5.0-6.7%) (www.beeradvocate.com/beer/101/hops/ en
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_hop_varieties)


Crystal is a triploid aroma-type cultivar, developed from the German Hallertau aroma hop variety with primary contributions from Cascade, Brewer's Gold and Early Green. Released in 1993 to the hop industry. Crystal is a half-sister of Mt. Hood and Liberty (www.brewboard.com/index.php?showtopic=55379).

Crystal Hops was born in 1983, created in Corvallis Oregon. ...Crystal's ancestral tree suggests it was intended to be disease resistant, and this proves so with its resistance to downy mildew. Acreage of Crystal is on the rise, even though its yield is on the light side. Crystal is fairly easy to obtain, however its profile allows itself of substitution with other varieties including Hersbruck and Hallertau Hops. It is more widely used in the U.S.but can be found in beers from England as well (http://beerlegends.com/crystal-hops).

Deze hopvariëteit is een “aromahop”, bij het bierbrouwen voornamelijk gebruikt voor zijn aromatisch eigenschappen. Deze triploïde soort werd ontwikkeld in de Verenigde Staten en op de markt gebracht in 1993. Crystal is een kruising tussen de Duitse hopvariëteit Hallertau Hersbrucker en de variëteiten Cascade, Brewer's Gold en Early Green (https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_(hop)). Een Amerikaanse triploide varieteit ontwikkeld in 1993 uit Hallertau, Cascade, Brewer’s Gold en Early Green. Is kruidiger dan Hallertau (kaneel, zwarte peper, en nootmuskaat). Vervangers: elke Hallertau varieteit, Mt. Hood, Liberty (www.hopscheuten.nl/rassen/).


Fuggle 
Fuggle is an aroma-type cultivar selected in England as a chance seedling in 1861. It reached its peak in the U.K. in 1949 when 78% of the English crops were grown as Fuggle. It is also marketed as Styrian (Savinja) Golding in the Slovenian Republic. In the USA it is grown in Oregon and Washington State.
Superb in English-style ales, and lends a unique character not imparted by the more subtle American-grown Fuggles. (alpha acid: 3.8-5.5% / beta acid: 1.5-2.0%) (www.beeradvocate.com/beer/101/hops/ en http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_hop_varieties)



Fuggle is an aroma-type cultivar selected in England as a chance seedling in 1861. It reached its peak in the U.K. in 1949 when 78% of the English crops were grown as Fuggle (www.hopsandpeppers.com/services-view/hops/).

Belangrijke Engelse hop aan het eind van de 19e eeuw ontwikkeld. Meer aards en minder zoet dan Kent Goldings  (www.hopscheuten.nl/rassen/). An Old English classic, Fuggle has been at home in Oregon’s Willamette Valley since the early 1900’s.  The hop developed so well here that “Oregon Fuggles” became synonomous with premium Fuggle hops grown in the USA.  This reputation led to the crossing of a tetraploid female Fuggle to achieve triploid (sterile/seedless) offspring.  One new variety that resulted was Willamette, a favorite of US brewers large and small ever since (www.indiehops.com/hop_varieties.asp?ugg-6553.html).


Fuggle Hops was a cornerstone for English brewing during the late 1800's and early 1900's. In the Kent region in 1861, Richard Fuggle selected this variety as a seedling or seed and later introduced it into commerce in 1875 under his own name. This variety is also grown in other parts of Europe as well as the U.S (http://beerlegends.com/fuggle-uk-hops).

Een aromahop vernoemd naar zijn Engelse teler, Richard Fuggle in 1875. Deze hop wordt oorspronkelijk verbouwd in Kent en Sussex, maar tegenwoordig ook in Amerika en Slovenië. In Slovenië heeft de plant zich aangepast aan de locale omstandigheden en wordt daar ook wel Styrian Goldings genoemd. In Amerika werd Willamette ontwikkeld; een sterkere hopplant met een hogere opbrengst.
Deze hop heeft een mild en kruidig karakter en wordt veel in ales en stouts gebruikt. Het gehalte aan alfazuren ligt meestal tussen de 4 en 5,5%.
Ook wordt deze hop wel door de thuisbrouwer gebruikt en is eventueel te gebruiken voor drooghoppen.
Fuggles heeft een typisch Britse geur en smaak en kan heel goed alleen worden gebruikt, maar wordt vaak vermengd met East Kent Golding (doordrinkbaarheid van het bier is dan goed te noemen).
Fuggles en aanverwante rassen worden over de hele wereld gebruikt en zijn bekend onder verschillende namen, zoals Styrian Goldings in Slovenië en Tettnanger in de Verenigde Staten (www.bierwoordenboek.com/Fuggles.ashx).
(http://hopunion.com/fuggle/)


Galaxy
Nieuwe (2008) Australische soort met een hoog alfa zuur gehalte. Dubbeldoel triploide. Markant en uniek hop aroma te omschrijven als een combinatie tussen citrus en passievrucht (www.hopscheuten.nl/rassen/).Deze hopvariëteit is een “dubbeldoelhop”, bij het bierbrouwen gebruikt zowel voor zijn aromatische als zijn bittereigenschappen. Deze Australische triploïde cultivar werd in 1994 gekweekt bij Hop Products Australia en is een kruising tussen een vrouwelijke tetraploïde hop (J78) en een mannelijke plant, afstammend van de variëteit Perle (https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy_(hop)). Typically used as a late addition - the aroma and flavor characteristics become more pronounced the later the addition (www.hopunion.com/austraiian-galaxy/). Clean citrus and passion fruit (www.homebrewing.org/Australian-Galaxy-1oz-_p_2975.html)

Galaxy hops originate from Australia, and are a dual purpose hop that can be used for both bittering and flavor/aroma in craft beers. The alpha acid content ranges between 12-14% making them a solid bittering hop choice. However, the more exciting aspects of Galaxy hops are in their flavor and aroma characteristics. The hops produces notes of passion fruit, tropical fruit, mild citrus, and mild earthy grass notes. There are some similarities to Citra hops, but with less of the tropical fruit notes and more earthiness (www.craftedpours.com/galaxy-hops-and-craft-beers-brewed-with-galaxy-hops/10081).

The Galaxy hop is a small gift from the great continent of Australia. Its exotic roots are evident in the generous aromas of tropical fruit (www.thebeerstore.ca/beers/keiths-galaxy-hop-ale).


Galena 
Galena is a bittering-type cultivar which was bred in 1968 from Brewers Gold and an open pollination, i.e. an unknown male plant. It was released for cultivation in 1978.
Galena is the most "mellow" hop of the high-alpha varieties, and has replaced Cluster as the most widely grown US hop. The bitterness is clean and well balanced. Great general purpose bittering hop. (alpha acid: 12.5-14.0% / beta acid: 7.5-9.0%)
(www.beeradvocate.com/beer/101/hops/ en
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_hop_varieties)

Deze hopvariëteit is een “bitterhop”, bij het bierbrouwen voornamelijk gebruikt voor zijn bittereigenschappen. Deze Amerikaanse cultivar is ontstaan door een open bestuiving van de Brewer's Gold-variëteit, ontwikkeld in Idaho in de jaren zeventig en op de markt gebracht in 1978 (https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galena_(hop)). Amerikaanse bittere hop soort ontwikkeld uit Brewer’s Gold via open bestuiving in de staat Idaho  (www.hopscheuten.nl/rassen/).Developed in the USDA breeding program in Idaho in 1968 and released in 1978 (http://hopunion.com/galena/). Galena Hops exceeds in bringing a clean crisp bitterness, and this makes it suitable for nearly any type of beer needing kick. This variety has higher myrcene oil content than most hops. Myrcene itself has the smell of sweet fruits such as grapes and peaches, while at the same time having essence of woody, or grassy elements (http://beerlegends.com/galena-hops) (https://bsgcraftbrewing.com/galena-hop).


Golding 
Golding is a group of aroma-type cultivars originating in England. Over the decades, the group has been changed and widened. Mostly they have been named after villages in East Kent, (Petham, Rothersham, Canterbury, Eastwell) or hop farmers, who grew them (Amos's Early Bird, Cobbs).
English Goldings grown in East Kent, are a premium hop, called East Kent Golding and should not be confused with U.K. Goldings, which are grown in other parts such as Kent, Worcestershire, Hampshire and Herefordshire. The cultivar grown in the USA (Oregon and Washington State) is a Canterbury Golding.
The premier English aroma hop. Superb in English-style ales, and lend a unique character to fine lagers as well. This hop has a unique spicy aroma and refined flavor. (alpha acid: 4.0-6.0% / beta acid: 2.0-3.0%) (www.beeradvocate.com/beer/101/hops/ en
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_hop_varieties)


"Kent" in Kent Golding is a descriptor of where the Golding variety was grown. Same with all Golding varieties. Any Golding variety purchased will be a little different than the "descriptor" variety due to the soil and climate differences.
USDA named "Golding" varieties
Canterbury Golding
East Kent Golding
Eastwell Golding
Kent Golding
Patham Golding
Savinja Golding
Whitbread's Golding
Yugoslavia Golding
(hwww.northwesthops.com/Dried_US_Golding_Hops_p/driedgold.htm)

Traditioneel en zeer populair Engels aroma hop. Ontwikkeld voor 1790. Wijd verbreid soort. Word East Kent Goldings genoemd wanneer het geteeld word in Kent, Kent Goldings wanneer geteeld word in midden-Kent, en Goldings wanneer het elders geteeld word. Heeft over het algemeen een soepele, zoete smaak. Elk type Goldings kan een ander type Goldings vervangen (bijvoorbeeld: Styrian Goldings for East Kent Goldings etc)  (www.hopscheuten.nl/rassen/).


“Goldings
This is a group of traditional and very popular English aroma hops grown prior to 1790. Widely cultivated also in the U.S.A. They are called East Kent Goldings if grown in East Kent, Kent Goldings if grown in mid-Kent, and Goldings if grown elsewhere in the U.K. There are many different named cultivars such as Amon's Early Bird, Cobbs, Bramling,Canterbury, Petham Rodmersham and in Worcestershire - Mathon. They tend to have a smooth, sweet flavor. Most types of Goldings will work in place of another (Whitbread Golding Variety for East Kent Goldings, e.g.). Note that Styrian Goldings are not of this family, they rather are identical to Fuggles.”
Kent is a county in South East England, and is known as the “Garden of England”. This map below from the Museum website lists the various areas that are part of Kent - Medway, Gravesham, Dartford, Sevenoaks, Tonbridge and Malling, Maidstone, Tunbridge Wells, Swale, Ashford, Canterbury, Thanet, Dover, and Shepway. I know for sure that I’ve heard Canterbury used in a hop name, perhaps an old recipe rather than a currently available strain. “East Kent” would probably refer to those areas along the coast, perhaps including Canterbury (https://www.love2brew.com/Articles.asp?ID=523).


East Kent Goldings become the first hops to gain Protected Designation of Origin status.
East Kent Goldings will be the toast of the county after becoming the first variety of hops to have their name legally protected against imitation.
The oldest known variety of hop grown in the UK has been awarded Protected Designation of Origin status by the European Commission in recognition of their quality, history, and links to the local area.
Defra is encouraging producers to apply for protected status for their products in order to take advantage of the wider markets in the UK and abroad arising from consumers’ increasing awareness of where their food and drink comes from.
East Kent Goldings are descended from the Canterbury Whitebine hop and were first identified by a member of the Golding family around 1790.
Tony Redsell, Director of TG Redsell Ltd who grow East Kent Goldings said:
East Kent Goldings have a delicate floral aroma of lightly sweet lemon and are used in some of the finest ales and beers in the UK and USA.
We are delighted that the unique character of the East Kent Golding has been recognised by the Commission by awarding the Protected Designation of Origin status.
(www.gov.uk/government/news/hop-to-it-kent-says-cheers-to-britains-first-protected-hops)

Over Engelse hop hoorde ik later dat er in Engeland enkel mannelijke hop wordt gebruikt en dat dat de reden is dat het Engelse bier niet schuimt...

Ook heb ik gelezen dat ze ergens nabij Kent een hopkwekerij aan de Wye-universiteit hadden, maar dat die ondertussen is wegbezuinigd...jammer....