A typical three-lobed leaf. Note the clockwise twinning of the stalks.
....humulene, caryophyllene, farnesene and myrcene are present to various percentages in hops and contribute to desirable flavours, aromas and sensations in ales. These compounds constitute the major constituents of the essential oils of hops, of which there are over 300, including the terpene alcohol linalool at 1%. Linalool is used in perfumes, such as eau-de-cologne.
Related to Humulene and Farnesene are the Alpha-acids which is why Humulene is sometimes referred to as Alpha-humulene, whereas the Beta-acids are related to Caryophyllene, sometimes called Beta-caryophyllene for much the same reason. The alpha- and beta-acids are the resins in hops, as opposed to the essential oils mentioned above (http://wildflowerfinder.org.uk/Flowers/H/
flowerfinder.org.uk/Flowers/H/Hop/Hop.htm).
Xanthohumol is a prenyl chalconoid and yellow-coloured substance that is present in the yellow pollen grains to be within the female hop flowers (the hops) inside the glands near the centre. It is also present in the beer, and has anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial and anti-fungal effects. It is claimed to have health benefits (http://wildflowerfinder.org.uk/Flowers/H/Hop/Hop.htm).
Ook hebben ze aandacht voor de 'off-flavours' van bier...zoals:
- Prenyl Mercaptan (aka 3-Methyl-But-2-ene-1-Thiol, or 3-MBT)
- 2-Butene-1-Thiol and 3-Methyl-1-ButaneThiol
- 2,3-Butanedione (Diacetyl)
(http://wildflowerfinder.org.uk/Flowers/H/Hop/Hop.htm)