Het eiland Man (Engels: Isle of Man of Mann, Manx: Ellan Vannin[4] of Mannix)

Tijdens een nieuwsitem over Brexit zag ik ineens een vlek tussen Groot Brittanië en Ierland. Dat vond ik vreemd. Zou er bier zijn tussen het land van de stouts en het land van de ((india) pale) ales?


Het eiland Man (Engels: Isle of Man of Mann, Manx: Ellan Vannin[4] of Mannix) is een eiland in de Ierse Zee. Het is net als de Kanaaleilanden een Brits Kroonbezit. Het is geen onderdeel van het Verenigd Koninkrijk (al wordt het daar vaak mee geassocieerd), noch van de Europese Unie. Het staatshoofd is Elizabeth II, die de titel Lord of Mann voert. De staatsvorm is een constitutionele democratie. .... Man maakt geen deel uit van het Verenigd Koninkrijk en evenmin van de Europese Unie. De Britse regering behartigt overigens wel de buitenlandse betrekkingen en defensie, en heeft invloed op de wetgeving. Het eiland heeft zijn eigen rechtswezen en sociale voorzieningen. Ook zijn er een eigen belastingstelsel, postzegels en munt.
Het wapen vertoont een trinacrie, een heraldisch symbool dat op onafhankelijkheid duidt.....
Het eiland is 572 km² groot. Het ligt niet ver buiten de Solway Firth, een firth op de grens van Schotland en Engeland. Engeland, Ierland, Schotland en Wales bevinden zich op ongeveer gelijke afstanden. Op Man wonen 88.815 (2017) mensen, voornamelijk in de steden aan de kust. De hoofdstad en grootste stad van het eiland is Douglas. Andere steden zijn Ramsey, Peel, Castletown en Port Erin.
Op Man heerst een gematigd zeeklimaat met een zacht karakter door de beschutte ligging. Door de zachte winters kunnen er ondanks de vrij noordelijke ligging palmen groeien aan de zuidkust.
Het hoogste punt is Snaefell. ... Man heeft een goede infrastructuur: het wegennet is uitgebreid en er zijn goede spoor- en tramverbindingen en een luchthaven, de Isle of Man Airport. Er worden veerdiensten onderhouden op Engeland en Ierland. Het eiland bezit een uitgebreid historisch netwerk van openbaar vervoer, dat bestaat uit stoomtreinen, elektrische trams en een paardentram. De stoomspoorwegonderneming, de Isle of Man Steam Railway, bestaat sinds 1873 en rijdt met historisch materieel over een smalspoor van 25 kilometer lengte van Port Erin naar Douglas. In Port Erin bevindt zich het Railway Museum (spoorwegmuseum), waar de geschiedenis van de stoomtreinen op Man valt na te gaan. (https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man_(eiland))


 The Isle of Man otherwise known simply as Mann s a self-governing British Crown Dependency, located in the Irish Sea between the islands of Great Britain and Ireland, within the British Isles. The head of state is Queen Elizabeth II, who holds the title of Lord of Mann. The Lord of Mann is represented by a Lieutenant Governor. The island is not part of the United Kingdom, but its foreign relations and defence are the responsibility of the UK Government. Although it does not usually interfere in the island's domestic matters, its "good government" is the ultimate responsibility of the Crown
The island has been inhabited since before 6500 BC. It began to be influenced by Gaelic culture in the AD 5th century and the Manx language, a branch of the Gaelic languages, gradually emerged. In the 9th century, the Norse began to settle there. A Norse-Gaelic culture emerged and the island came under Norse control. In 1266, the island became part of Scotland. After a period of alternating rule by the kings of Scotland and England, the island came under the feudal overlordship of the English Crown in 1399. The lordship revested into the British Crown in 1764 but the island never became part of the United Kingdom and retained its status as an internally self-governing jurisdiction.
The island is not a member of the European Union, but has a limited relationship concerning the free movement of goods.
Tynwald, the island's parliament, was nominally founded in AD 979. It is arguably the oldest continuous parliament in the world. The annual ceremonial meeting in July on Tynwald Day, the island's national day, continues to be held at Tynwald Hill, where titles are announced and a brief description of the new laws enacted by Tynwald during the previous year is given.
The culture of the Isle of Man is influenced by its Celtic and to a lesser extent its Norse origins, though its close proximity to the UK, popularity as a UK tourist destination, and recent mass immigration by British migrant workers has meant that British influence has been dominant since the Revestment period. Recent revival campaigns have attempted to preserve the surviving vestiges of Manx culture after a long period of Anglicisation, and significant interest in the Manx language, history and musical tradition has been the result. (http://www.ottosrambles.co.uk/isle-of-man.php)


The official language of the Isle of Man is English. Manx Gaelic has traditionally been spoken but is now considered "critically endangered" In common use are the greetings moghrey mie and fastyr mie which mean good morning and good afternoon respectively. The Manx language knows no evening as it is afternoon. Another frequently heard Manx expression is traa dy liooar meaning time enough, and represents a stereotypical view of the Manx attitude to life.
For centuries, the island's symbol has been its ancient triskelion, a device similar to Sicily'sTrinacria: three bent legs, each with a spur, joined at the thigh. The three legs are reflected in the island's motto (adopted late in the symbol's history): Quocunque Jeceris Stabit, traditionally translated from Latin as Whithersoever you throw it, it will stand, or Whichever way you throw it, it will stand. (http://www.ottosrambles.co.uk/isle-of-man.php)


De naam van het eiland is mogelijkerwijs afgeleid van de naam van de Keltische god van de zee, Manánnan Mac Lir. Manx is de genitief van Man in het Engels, in de betekenis '(afkomstig) van Man'. Manx is ook de benaming voor de inwoners van het eiland en eveneens van de Manx-Gaelische taal, die behoort tot de Keltische talen.
Het Manx, een dialect van de Gaelische talen, is de enige Keltische taal die vaag het alfabet en de spellingsregels van het Engels volgt; dit komt doordat de taal in de vroege zeventiende eeuw door Engelstaligen voor het eerst werd gedocumenteerd. De spelling wijkt daardoor sterk af van de spelling van het Iers- en Schots-Gaelisch.
Halverwege de negentiende eeuw werd het duidelijk dat het Manx ging uitsterven. Een actiegroep voor de studie en bevordering van de taal werd opgericht onder de naam Yn Çheshaght Ghailckagh. De laatste oorspronkelijke moedertaalspreker was Ned Maddrell, die in 1974 overleed. Thans wordt getracht de taal nieuw leven in te blazen. De taal wordt, als cultureel erfgoed, op school onderwezen, een beslissing die er kwam na druk van Alan Heusaff, voorzitter van de Keltische Liga. Er zijn geluidsopnamen van Maddrell en van een aantal anderen van die laatste sprekers, die gebruikt werden voor het samenstellen van cursussen. Zo'n twee procent van de bevolking is de taal nu machtig.  (https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man_(eiland))


Here we go with a bit of myth and wizardry; In Manx mythology, the island was ruled by Manannán mac Lir, a Celtic sea god, who would draw his misty cloak around the island to protect it from invaders. One of the principal theories about the origin of the name Mann is that it is named after Manannan. (http://www.ottosrambles.co.uk/isle-of-man.php)

Manannán is also known as Oirbsiu or Oirbsen, from which Lough Corrib takes its name.[5]
His name is spelt Manandán in Old Irish, Manannán in modern Irish and Scottish Gaelic, and Mannan in Manx Gaelic. He is also given two surnames. The most common is Mac Lir, which may mean "son of the sea" or "son of Ler" ler in both cases meaning 'sea'. It has been suggested that Ler was a sea god whose role was taken over by Manannán. The other is Mac Alloit or Mac Alloid. Allot or Allod may be another name for Ler[citation needed]. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manann%C3%A1n_mac_Lir)

Manannan mac Lir is likely the most prominent sea deity of Irish mythology and literature. With his sea-borne chariot, affiliation with horses and cloak of invisibility, he guards the otherworld and the afterlife, incorporating aspects of the ancient Greek gods Poseidon and Hades. Manannán can also be associated with the Arthurian land of eternal youth, Avalon (Tír na nÓg in Celtic mythology), because his Irish daughter Niamh is one of the queens of this realm and his Welsh son Bran the Blessed possesses the cauldron a rejuvenation, not unlike the mythical Holy Grail.
Manannán is also a popular character on the Isle of Man and a similar version of him is widespread in Wales. This prevalent appreciation and adoption of a god is not uncommon, however the Isle of Man is named for Manannán while the Welsh version of him, Manawydan fab Llŷr, is so like his Irish counterpart that their stories are easily confused. .... Although Manannán does not take an active role in the majority of the stories about him, his importance in the Irish, Manx and Welsh cultures is astounding. Manannán's real purpose in these tales is the gifts he gives to various other characters—whether those gifts are tangible items or his children, such as Bran. Despite this secondary role, Manannán remains one of the better known gods in folklore, though he is most often referred to by the moniker Lir.(https://www.ancient-origins.net/myths-legends/manannan-mac-lir-god-sea-and-guardian-afterlife-006314)

Manannán mac Lir is de Iers-Keltische god van de zee en het weer.
Manannán mac Lir is de zoon van Lir en zijn naam betekent 'Mannanan, zoon van de zee'. Zijn vrouw is Fand. Hij is de beschermer van de Gezegende Eilanden en regeert over Mag Mell. Hij heeft een schip zonder zeilen dat hem volgt als hij het daartoe bevel geeft en hij heeft een mantel waarmee hij zich onzichtbaar kan maken.
In de legendaire geschiedschrijving van het eiland Man wordt Manannan Beg Mac-y-Lheir als de eerste koning van het eiland beschouwd, die er omstreeks 440 na Christus geregeerd zou hebben.[1] Volgens de ontstaansmythe van Man is de naam van het eiland van hem afgeleid. (https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manann%C3%A1n_mac_Lir)

Manannan or Manannan Mac Lir was a popular deity in Celtic mythology, belonging to an Irish mystical race known as the Tuatha De Danann (thoo'a-hay-day-danawn). Son of Lir, the Irish God of the sea, Manannan's title was Lord of the Sea - beyond or under which Land of Youth or Islands of the Dead were supposed to lie - and he was also known as the Master of Tricks and Illusions.
In many Celtic stories, we are told of Manannan's wife, the Fairy Queen Fand, also known as The Pearl of Beauty, his sons Ilbhreac (Fairy King), Fiachna and Gaidiar, and daughters Áine, Aoife and Griane. Manannan also had a foster son named Lugh; the Great Warrior, on whom he bestowed his magical belongings.
Manannan's magical possessions consisted of a steed named Enbarr of the Flowing Mane (Irish), sometimes refered to as Finbar, which could travel over land and sea; the Ocean Sweeper/Wave Sweeper, a magical boat which obeyed the thoughts of those who sailed in it, and could travel without oar or sail; the Cloak of Mists, which was capable of changing to every kind of colour, and when Manannan was angry would make a thunderous sound when the cloak flapped; a sword called The Answerer (Irish - Fragarach) that could cut through any armour; a spear called Ctann Buide (Yellow Tree); and a breastplate which no weapon could pierce.
The Isle of Man was the throne of Manannan, his stronghold was on the top of Barrule, and he held his court from Manannan's Chair at Cronk y Voddy. The Isle of Man takes its name from Manannan.
In Irish mythology, Manannan was killed in battle by Uillenn Faebarderg in the battle of Magh Cuilenn and is said to be buried in the Tonn Banks, off the coast of Donegall. Many shipwrecks have occured there and the spirit of Manannan is supposed to ride on the storm. The Tonns form one part of a triad known as "The Three Waves of Erin". (http://www.isleofman.com/welcome/history/mythology-and-folklore/manannan-mac-lir/)

Manannán or Manann, also known as Manannán mac Lir ("son of the sea"),[3] is a sea god in Irish mythology. He is affiliated with both the Tuatha Dé Danann and the Fomorians. In the tales, he is said to own a boat named Scuabtuinne ("wave sweeper"), a sea-borne chariot drawn by the horse Enbarr ("water foam"), a powerful sword named Fragarach ("the answerer"), and a cloak of invisibility (féth fíada). He is seen as the ruler and guardian of the Otherworld and one who ferries souls to the afterlife. Manannán is furthermore identified with the trickster figure Bodach an Chóta Lachtna ("the churl in the drab coat").[4]
Manannán appears also in Scottish and Manx legend, where he is known as Manannan mac y Leir. Some sources say the Isle of Man (Mannin) is named after him, while others say he is named after the island. He is cognate with the Welsh figure Manawydan fab Llŷr. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manann%C3%A1n_mac_Lir)

Historians believe that Mannin Bay is named after him and he is thought to be an ancestor of the Conmhaícne Mara, the people for whom Connemara is named. On stormy days, foamy waves known as his seahorses, caiple Mhanannáin, can be seen. Folklore says that one day Manannán’s daughter was caught in a storm while boating in Kilkieran Bay, but he saw the danger she was in and rescued her by conjuring up Mann Island, a small rock in the bay.
When he wasn’t using his magical powers to produce rocks, he was a philanderer and opportunist who moved by the heavens. His legendary crane bag contained the treasures of the Tuatha, including knives, shields and shears, and whoever has these is said to be safe from his enemies. (https://www.irishtimes.com/opinion/adventures-of-a-sea-god-an-irishman-s-diary-about-manann%C3%A1n-mac-lir-1.2647217)

His name is derived from that of the Isle of Man. This itself may come from a Celtic word for "mountain" or "rise", as the Isle of Man rises from the sea on the horizon.[8] Alternatively, it may come from an earlier Indo-European word for water or wetness.[9] In medieval Irish tradition, it appears that Manannán came to be considered eponymous of the island (rather than vice versa). (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manann%C3%A1n_mac_Lir)

In the Manx tradition of folklore, there are many stories of mythical creatures and characters. These include the Buggane, a malevolent spirit who according to legend blew the roof off St Trinian's Church in a fit of rage; the Fenodyree; the Glashtyn; and the Moddey Dhoo, a ghostly black dog who wandered the walls and corridors of Peel Castle.
Mann is also said to be home to fairies, known locally as the little folk or themselves. There is a famous Fairy Bridge and it is said to be bad luck if one fails to wish the fairies good morning or afternoon when passing over it. It used to be a tradition to leave a coin on the bridge to ensure good luck. Other types of fairies are the Mi'raj and the Arkan Sonney.
An old Irish story tells how Lough Neagh was formed when Ireland's legendary giant Fionn mac Cumhaill (commonly anglicised to Finn McCool) ripped up a portion of the land and tossed it at a Scottish rival. He missed, and the chunk of earth landed in the Irish Sea, thus creating the island. Peel Castle has been proposed as a possible location of the Arthurian Avalon
So here it is at last had to mention it? The main international event associated with the island is the Isle of Man Tourist Trophy race, colloquially known as "The TT" which began in 1907. It takes place in late May and early June. The TT is now an international road racing event for motorcycles, which used to be part of the World Championship, and is long considered to be one of the "greatest motorcycle sporting event of the world”. Taking place over a two week period, it has become a festival for motorcycling culture, makes a huge contribution to the island’s economy and has become part of Manx identity. For many, the Isle carries the title "road racing capital of the world". The Manx Grand Prix is a separate motorcycle event for amateurs and private entrants that uses the same 60.70 km (37.72 mi) Snaefell Mountain Course in late August and early September. (http://www.ottosrambles.co.uk/isle-of-man.php)

Man werd in de vijfde eeuw gekoloniseerd door voornamelijk Ierse Kelten, maar in later tijden trokken er ook Kelten vanuit Schotland naar het eiland toe. De langdurige invloed van het Ierse christendom blijkt uit de aanwezigheid van een Ierse round tower van eind tiende eeuw op St Patrick's Isle op het domein van het Kasteel van Peel. In de negende eeuw was Man in handen van de Noormannen, die er een belangrijke uitvalsbasis voor hun schepen van maakten en zich er snel vestigden en mengden met de lokale bevolking. Naar Noors voorbeeld werd er in 979 een parlement ingesteld, de Tynwald, dat nog steeds bestaat en jaarlijks bijeenkomt. De regering van Man stelt[5] hiermee het 'oudste ononderbroken democratische parlement ter wereld' te hebben, een eer die gedeeld wordt met IJsland waar tezelfdertijd door Noormannen een dergelijk systeem werd opgezet. Tot 1265 vormde Man met de Hebriden een eigen koninkrijk, dat onderworpen was aan de Noorse Kroon. Na afloop van de Schots-Noorse Oorlog viel het tot 1346 onder Schotse soevereiniteit en vervolgens onder de Engelse. De koningin van Engeland is echter slechts de Lord of Man en laat zich op het eiland vertegenwoordigen door een gouverneur. (https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man_(eiland))
Een opvallend verschijnsel op het eiland is dat de huiskattenpopulatie grotendeels staartloos of stompstaartig is, en dat al sinds eeuwen. Dit natuurlijke kattenras is genoemd naar het eiland: Manx.
 (https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man_(eiland))

De Manx is een vreedzame kat die waarschijnlijk met iedereen in uw leven overweg kan. Hij zal vele jaren liefdevol gezelschap bieden.... De Manx is een kat van gemiddelde grootte, maar gedrongen en zwaar gebouwd. De Manx kan er groter uitzien dan ze is en liefhebbers realiseren zich vaak niet hoe zwaar ze kan worden op volwassen leeftijd.
De Manx heeft ronde vormen: een ronde kop, ronde ogen, ronde lijnen bij de inplant van de snorharen en een rond lijf. Van achteren gezien vormen de oren een gebogen lijn. Haar achterpoten zijn langer dan de voorpoten. Dit is goed zichtbaar als ze staat.
De Manx heeft geen staart, dus bij het aaien glijdt uw hand zo van de romp af, zonder ergens achter te blijven haken. Deze katten worden Rumpies genoemd (van 'rump', romp). Niet iedere Manx is volledig staartloos. Sommige Manxkatten worden Stumpies genoemd, omdat ze een klein staartstompje hebben. Andere worden Rumpy Risers genoemd. Wanneer uw hand langs de romp glijdt, gaat het kleine staartje omhoog. Naarmate een Rumpy Riser ouder wordt, raakt het kleine staartje mogelijk met een vetlaagje bedekt. Het gaat dan niet meer omhoog wanneer u de kat aait. Sommige Manxkittens worden geboren met een hele staart en sommige worden geboren met een half staartje.
De Manx is kortharig, maar het haar bestaat uit een dubbele vacht. Hierdoor is het dik en dichtbehaard. Sommige kattenregisters erkennen ook de langharige Manx. Sommige geven het langharige Manxras een aparte naam: Cymric; andere noemen haar gewoon een langharige Manx.      (https://www.hillspet.nl/cat-care/cat-breeds/manx)


De Manx is een kat met een makkelijk karakter die zich goed kan aanpassen. Hij kan goed samenleven met andere huisdieren en is geduldig met kinderen. Deze staartloze kat heeft een compact lichaam. Hij is levendig en een goede jager. Zijn vacht vraagt geen bijzondere verzorging.
Middelgroot. Gewicht: 3,5 tot 5,5 kg. Compact, redelijk gedrongen. Geeft een afgeronde indruk. (https://www.royalcanin.nl/manx)

De Manx is een eeuwenoud, op een natuurlijke manier tot stand gekomen kattenras dat zijn oorsprong vindt op het Britse eiland Man. Manx is de genitief van het woord Man en betekent dus "(afkomstig) van Man".
Deze ondersoort van de gedomesticeerde kat met als wetenschappelijke naam Felis catus anura (manxkat), komt sinds eeuwen voor als prevalent type van de huiskat op het eiland Man. De kat wordt daar al eeuwen als huisdier en muizenvanger gehouden. Kenmerkende eigenschap is het geheel of gedeeltelijk missen van de staart, wat veroorzaakt wordt door een autosomaal dominant verervende eigenschap met variabele expressie, bepaald door een enkel gen, het Manx taillessness gene. Door de variabele expressie kan de staartlengte varieren van helemaal geen staart tot een bijna volledige staart en alles dat ertussen zit. Homozygote kittens sterven in utero door de ernstige misvorming van de ruggengraat. Hieruit volgt dat alle staartloze Manxkatten heterozygoot zijn; bovendien wordt om deze reden afgeraden twee staartloze katten met elkaar te kruisen. Een nest kan zowel staartloze kittens als kittens met staart bevatten.... Het ras is ontstaan op het eiland Man, een onafhankelijk eiland vallend onder de Britse Kroon in de Ierse Zee waar het eeuwen geleden, mogelijk als een spontane mutatie, is ontstaan en er kittens geboren werden zonder staart of met een kort stompstaartje. Omdat de eigenschap voor de overleving geen negatieve effecten heeft, plantten de dieren zich voort en aangezien het gen dominant vererft, verspreidde de eigenschap zich snel. De lokale bevolking heeft zich al meer dan eens verbazend uitgesproken over katten mét staart; deze waren bij hen onbekend. (https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manx_(kattenras))
De Manx is een van de oudste kattenrassen. Er bestaan vele schitterende legendes over de oorsprong van dit ras. De interessantste, maar tegelijkertijd genetisch ook de minst juiste, luidt dat de Manx een tukje aan het doen was op het moment dat Noah alle dieren naar de ark riep. Ze werd pas wakker toen Noah de deur van de ark aan het sluiten was. Ze kon nog net op tijd in de ark komen, maar haar staart kwam per ongeluk tussen de deur, waardoor ze deze volledig verloor. Een andere legende vertelt dat het ras van een van de schepen van de Spaanse Armada afkomstig was. Het schip zonk voor de kust van de Isle of Man in 1588.
De werkelijke herkomst van de Manx hangt waarschijnlijk meer samen met handelsschepen die van Fenicië naar Japan voeren. Deze zeelieden hebben tijdens hun reis mogelijk een aantal Japanse stompstaartkatten meegenomen op hun schip. Eerder met de bedoeling om muizen te vangen dan om een nieuw kattenras te importeren.
De eerste Manxkampioen heette Bonhaki. Deze zilverkleurige, cyperse Manx kreeg deze onderscheiding rond 1900 in Londen. De Manx wordt sinds de vroege jaren dertig in Amerika gefokt en de eerste Amerikaanse Manx is in 1951 tot kampioen uitgeroepen. (https://www.hillspet.nl/cat-care/cat-breeds/manx)

Er is nog een klein, onbewoond eiland met de naam 'Man'. Dit maakt onderdeel uit van de Nicobaren. (https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man_(eiland))

De Nicobaren zijn een groep eilanden in de Golf van Bengalen in het oosten van de Indische Oceaan. Ze vormen samen met de noordelijker gelegen Andamanen het Indiase unieterritorium Andaman- en Nicobareilanden. (https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicobaren)

De Andamanen en Nicobaren (Bengali: আন্দামান ও নিকোবর দ্বীপপুঞ্জ, Tamil: அந்தமான் நிகோபார் தீவுகள், Hindi: अंडमान और निकोबार द्वीप, Malayalam: ആന്തമാന്‍ നിക്കോബാര്‍ ദ്വീപുകള്‍, Telugu: అండమాన్ నికోబార్ దీవులు, Engels: Andaman and Nicobar Islands) vormen een van de zes unieterritoria van India (zie Staten en territoria van India). De twee eilandengroepen liggen in de Indische Oceaan, in het zuiden van de Golf van Bengalen.
De Andamanen en de Nicobaren worden van elkaar gescheiden door de tiende breedtegraad. De Andamanen liggen daarboven en de Nicobaren er onder. De eilanden zijn voor India strategisch van groot belang. (https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andamanen_en_Nicobaren)

De Nicobaren bestaan uit 22 kleine en grotere eilanden waarvan Groot-Nicobar het grootste is. Het totale landoppervlak van de eilanden is 1841 km². Het hoogste punt is de top van de 642 meter hoge berg Mount Thullier op het eiland Groot Nicobar. Van de 22 eilanden zijn er 12 bewoond. In 2001 woonden er 42.026 mensen op die 12 eilanden waarvan ongeveer 65% behoort tot de autochtone bevolking en de overige 35% vooral bestaat uit migranten uit India en Sri Lanka. ... In 1756 begon de Deense Oost-Indische Compagnie met het koloniseren van de Nicobaren; ze werden de Frederikseilanden genoemd, en enkele kwamen inderdaad in Deens bezit: Groot Nicobar (1756-1760), Camorta (1760-1768) en Nancowry (1768-1868). De kolonisatie mislukte echter al spoedig.
Later was het gebied soms een kolonie van Oostenrijk of Pruisen, totdat de Engelsen het in 1869 onderdeel maakten van het Britse Rijk. Tijdens de Tweede Wereldoorlog werd het bezet door de Japanners en in 1947 werd het bij de onafhankelijkheid van India onderdeel van dat land.(https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicobaren)

De Andamanen en Nicobaren zijn bij Nederlandse toeristen, mede vanwege de afstand, niet echt bekend. De twee eilandengroepen in de Golf van Bengalen zijn echter absoluut de moeite waard. Radhanagar Beach op Havelock Island werd door Time Magazine zelfs al eens gekozen tot beste strand van Azië. (https://reizen-en-recreatie.infonu.nl/buitenland/173575-toerisme-op-de-andamanen-en-nicobaren.html)

De gebroerders Gibb, van de BeeGees, een van de meest succesvolle popgroepen aller tijden, zijn afkomstig van dit eiland (zie, https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man_(eiland), https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry_Gibb, https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robin_Gibb, https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Gibb) https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bee_Gees)
Andrew Roy Gibb was born on 5 March 1958 in Manchester, England. He was the youngest of five children of Barbara and Hugh Gibb. His mother was of Irish and English descent and his father was of Scottish and Irish descent.[4] He had four siblings: his sister Lesley, and three brothers, Barry and fraternal twins Robin and Maurice.... Producer and film director Tom Kennedy described Andy's personality on his childhood:
“Andy was always around – he was this cheeky little lad, Hugh and Barbara doted on him, so he would have a limo to go around London with his pals and twenty quid to go to the cinema. It was unheard of in those days! But he was just a cheeky little lad with a heart of gold. He used to try to get me to buy him beer when he was underage – he would only have been about 11 or 12.[5]”
He quit school at the age of 13, and with an acoustic guitar given to him by his older brother Barry, he began playing at tourist clubs around Ibiza, Spain (when his parents moved there),[6] and later in the Isle of Man, his brothers' birthplace, where his parents were living at the time. ... In June 1974, Gibb formed his first group, Melody Fayre (named after a Bee Gees song), which included Isle of Man musicians John Alderson on guitar and John Stringer on drums. The group was managed by Andy's mother, Barbara, and had regular bookings on the small island's hotel circuit. Gibb's first recording, in August 1973, was a Maurice Gibb composition, "My Father Was a Rebel", which Maurice also produced and played on. It was not released. Another track on the session performed by him was "Windows of My World" co-written by him with Maurice.[1]
At the urging of his brother Barry, Gibb returned to Australia in 1974. Barry believed that as Australia had been a good training ground for the Bee Gees it would also help his youngest brother. Lesley Gibb had remained in Australia, where she raised a family with her husband. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andy_Gibb)

BeeGees, of is het Beer Gees?

De Bee Gees was een popgroep rond de tweelingbroers Robin Gibb (1949-2012, zang) en Maurice Gibb (1949-2003, basgitaar, keyboard en zang) en hun oudere broer Barry Gibb (1946, gitaar en zang). De naam van de groep was aanvankelijk niet bedoeld als afkorting van "Brothers Gibb". Oorspronkelijk speelden de broers samen als 'the Rattlesnakes', later werd dat 'Wee Johnny Hayes & the Bluecats' en onder die naam werden ze geïntroduceerd bij radio-dj Bill Gates. Dat gebeurde door Bill Goode, nadat hij hen aan het werk zag op het Brisbane Speedway Circuit. Bill Gates bedacht de naam "Bee Gees" en baseerde zich daarbij op zijn en Goodes initialen: BG. Naarmate de groep in de late jaren zestig zelfstandig succes begon te oogsten, werd de naam meer geassocieerd met "Brothers Gibb".
De broers werden geboren op het eiland Man, maar in 1958 emigreerden ze naar Australië. Daar begon hun carrière, en in 1967 keerden ze terug naar Engeland, waar ze een groep vormden met Vince Melouney, (gitaar) en Colin Petersen, (drums). In Australië en Nederland hadden ze rond dat moment hun eerste hit met Spicks and specks, in Engeland en elders volgden nummers als New York mining disaster 1941, Massachusetts, Words, World, I've gotta get a message to you en Holiday.
Na het album Odessa (1969) verliet Robin de groep wegens artistieke meningsverschillen, en scoorde hij een solohit met Saved by the bell. Maurice Gibb trouwde met de Schotse zangeres Lulu. De groep werd later opgedoekt en opnieuw opgericht. Vanaf het moment dat Jive talkin' in 1975 verrassend een Amerikaanse nummer 1-hit werd, werd de draad weer opgepakt en met het uitkomen van de soundtrack van Saturday Night Fever in 1977 was de groep plotseling weer immens populair, en was ze een van de belangrijkste exponenten van de disco geworden.
Het geluid van de Bee Gees is apart te noemen, vooral opvallend is hun gebruik van hoge stemmen, niet te verwarren met de falsetstem.
De Bee Gees schreven en produceerden in die tijd platen van o.a. Barbra Streisand, Dionne Warwick en Diana Ross. Robin Gibb maakte in 1983 wederom een solo-LP. (https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bee_Gees)


The Isle of Man is somewhat of a hotspot for beer and cider. It’s perhaps unsurprising when you discover the Island is home to several high quality breweries that are committed to using only the purest of ingredients. Rest assured, it means that drinkers are guaranteed a delicious pint here.
In fact, the purity of Manx beer has long been an issue of national political importance. In 1874, Tynwald passed the Isle of Man Pure Beer Act, restricting the ingredients in beer to just water, malt, sugar and hops. The legislation was relaxed slightly in 1999, when the brewing of lager, wheat beer and fruit beer was also permitted, meaning that the range of alcoholic beverages produced on the Island has increased. (https://www.visitisleofman.com/blog/read/2017/03/brewing-up-a-manx-speciality-b62)

The Isle of Man has five breweries (2015) (http://www.ottosrambles.co.uk/isle-of-man.php).

doghouse Brewery Limited, Unit 7 The Paddocks, IM7 3BD Jurby Industrial Estate.
Launched on 22 September 2012.A 10hl Micro Brewery brewing some intresting beer, that have already made their mark by winning SIBA awards. (possibly ceased trading late2014?) (http://www.ottosrambles.co.uk/isle-of-man.php)

First brewed September 2012. The brewery was initially based at Unit 7 The Paddocks, Jurby Industrial Estate, Jurby, Isle of Man,IM7 3BD and a 6BBL plant was used that had previously been at Freedom. The brewery closed in summer 2014. It was sold to new owners in early 2016 and relocated to it's new location, first brewing in November 2016. ... Doghouse Brewery Limited
Unit 6 Watery Lane Industrial Estate
Watery Lane Darwen BB3 2EB
Map County (see footnote)
Ceremonial County - Lancashire
Shire County - Lancashire
Local Authority Area - Blackburn with Darwen
( http://www.quaffale.org.uk/php/brewery/1959)

Op het eiland van Mann zijn (DUS) 4 brouwerijen vermeld op https://www.ratebeer.com/breweries/isle-of-man/0/224/ en http://isleofmancamra.org/breweries/.

Breweries
To add an authentic local flavour to your stay, look out for Manx crafted ales from one of the local breweries on the Isle of Man. The award-winning breweries have been producing ales for more than 100 years and supply many of the Isle of Man’s pubs.
Okell’s is the oldest brewery in the Island and the initiator of the Isle of Man Pure Beer Act which ensures the purity of beer brewed on the Isle of Man.  Anything other than the natural brewing ingredients of water, yeast, hops and malt is prohibited by breweries on the Island since 1874. With a never-ending passion to create the perfect pint, Okell’s continually releases superb new brews throughout the year.
Perhaps the most famous brewery on the Isle of Man is Bushy’s. Located just outside Douglas, Bushy’s brews a wide range of real ales at the Mount Murray Brewery, from refreshing ‘session’ ales to the glorious Oyster Stout.
The smallest brewery, Old Laxey Brewing Company, creates beers that are mainly sold in the pub next door- the Shore in Laxey. You can also sometimes find their Bosum Biter in the HQ bar in Douglas.
Hooded Ram is the latest brewery to be formed on the Island, and also the winner of Beer of the Festival at the 2014 and 2015 Isle of Man Beer Festival. The brewery was founded in 2013 by Robert Storey who wanted to start a small American Style Brewery offering a different range of beers to those normally found on the Island. (https://www.visitisleofman.com/food-and-drink/pubs-and-bars/breweries)

The Isle of Man Pure Beer Act (also known as the Manx Pure Beer Act[1] or simply the Pure Beer Act) is a law on the Isle of Man regulating the ingredients in beer. It was enacted by the Tynwald, the island's Government in 1874, stating that only water, malt, sugar and hops were allowed to be used in production.[2][3] The law was introduced after campaigning by Dr William Okell, founder of the Okells Brewery.[4] Because of the legal autonomy of the Isle of Man, the Free Mash Tun Act of 1880 which relaxed a tax on malt and other restrictions in the United Kingdom did not apply there, and so the act remained upheld.[5]
The law has been encouraged by the Campaign for Real Ale, who have strongly criticised any changes and say it allows a better class of ale to be produced.[6] The current head of the Okells Brewery, Dr Mike Cowbourne, has stated that the law has been an important aspect of the company's beers achieving widespread export and acceptance.[7]
In 1999, there was a significant debate about whether the law should be changed, Okells along with Pamela crowe tried to scrap the law, and breweries campaigned against it, but competing brewers claimed it was because they thought Okells wanted to produce other types of beer. The eventual outcome was a slight relaxation of the law, which permitted the brewing of lager, wheat beer and fruit beer.[7][8] Okells used the changes in the law to produce a Canadian lager, which drew criticism from the local brewing community.[9] However, Bushy’s head, Martin Brunnschweiler, says the act helped their Ruby Mild beer win a regional beer award, because they could not add chemicals or preservatives.[10]
In 2002, the Department of Health considered changing the law to allow the addition of Vitamin B1, which would help reduce alcohol induced brain damage.[6] (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of_Man_Pure_Beer_Act)

Bushy’s Brewery
Located just outside Douglas, Bushy’s is famous worldwide for the beer tent they run during the TT Festival. (http://isleofmancamra.org/breweries/)

Bushy’s has grown out of the success of a mini brewery in the basement of Bushy’s Bar and since then has expanded both its brewery which is now at Mount Murray, its range of beers and number of pubs. Beers range from the original Old Bushy Tail to the Oyster Stout. (https://www.visitisleofman.com/blog/read/2017/03/brewing-up-a-manx-speciality-b62)

The Isle of Man is fairly unusual in that it has (similar to Germany) its own beer purity laws , which -unlike Germany -date back to 1874. The law forbade the use of any supplement to malt, hops, sugar, water and brewers’ yeast. The Manx Government controversially  amended  the act in 1999 to enable Okells to contract brew a pseudo Canadian lager,allowing them to put inferior additives in the brew, but less harmfully  to  permit the use of specific additives e.g. fruit .
The brewery moved in 1990 to an out of town location on Mount Murray with “Beerhunter” Michael Jackson (blue suit in the photo) very kindly ageeing to overseeing the official opening. During the expansion, beautiful new equipment was acquired, incorporating a Robert Morton Brew Tower, a bank of stainless, conical fermenting vessels, all individually thermostatically controlled, and a host of built in controls which ensure the consistency of all our brews, whether summer or winter. (https://www.bushys.com/brewery/)


The Isle of Man was fairly unusual in that it had (similar to Germany) it's own beer purity laws , which -unlike Germany -date back to 1874. The law forbade the use of any supplement to malted barley, hops, sugar, water and brewers' yeast. Sadly, the Manx Government repealed the act in 1999.
At Bushy's we opposed the rescinding of this law and still brew to it's requirements - actually we exceed them by eliminating sugars from our ales, and using 100% malt in our brews. A luxury other brewers choose to forgo by taking the cheaper option with sugar.
The brewery moved in 1990 to an out of town location on Mount Murray, during the expansion, beautiful new equipment was acquired, incorporating a Robert Morton Brew Tower, a bank of stainless, conical fermenting vessels, all individually thermostatically controlled, and a host of built in controls which ensure the consistency of all our brews, whether summer or winter.
Head Brewer, Neil Convery, is a real 'hands on' brewer who is involved at every stage of the process - including the consumption of the finished product!
He has a passion for real ale, and that passion shines through in the quality of his work. (http://old.bushys.com/thebrewe.htm)
... in my own opinion the best on the island, is Bushy’s Brewery:Bushy's Brewery is a local brewery in Douglas in Man, which was founded by the brothers Martin and Nicky Brunnschwieler in 1986.
In October 1984, they took over Zhivago's Bar in Victoria St, Douglas and, two years later, started a microbrewery in the cellar and made their own brand Old Bushy Tail, a red-brown beer with a strong malt flavour with an after-taste of hops and caramel. The location was named Bushy's Brewpub. A professional brewer, Davey Jones from London, was placed in charge of quality, and in 1990 a new brewery opened, with famous British writer Michael Jackson, known for the book The World Guide To Beer (1977) and as a "beer guru", attending the official opening. Currently, the brewer Neil "Curly" Convery is the owner, and the brewery is connected to the annual motorcycle race on Man, TT Races, with the "Ale of Man". Regular beers are Bitter, Castletown Bitter Manx Bitter, Piston Brew, Ruby Mild and a traditional Weiss Bier. (http://www.ottosrambles.co.uk/isle-of-man.php)

Hooded Ram
The latest brewery to be formed on the Island, and also the winner of Beer of the Festival at the 2014 and 2015 Isle of Man Beer Festival. (http://isleofmancamra.org/breweries/)
As the Islands newest brewery (started production in 2013), we produce a variety of award winning ales.  Your passion is our passion and we put our heart and soul into brewing the best ales.
Here at the brewery, everything is crafted by hand.  Our dedicated team thrive on using the traditional production methods and work hard all year round to complement our core range with some of our experimental brews.
We care deeply about the environment too so we’ve made sure that our waste is reusable.  Our malt is fed to the local cattle and our spent hops are re used as agricultural fertiliser. (http://www.hoodedram.com/the-brewery/)

In 2010 the Hooded Ram was a twinkle in the eye of founder Rob Storey.
By 2013 after a huge amount of research the Hooded Ram Brewing Company was finally born.
2014 saw our very first accolade by winning the CAMRA Award for Little King Louis.
In 2015 came more recognition by way of winning the Great Taste Awards.
More great taste awards during 2016 with the addition of the extremely prestigious SIBA Wold Beer Awards.
2016 sees an injection of investment by Raj Chatha.
August 2016 - First ever Hooded Ram Pub opens in North Quay, Douglas, Isle of Man.
During 2016/7 Hooded Ram Beer stars in Oddbins stores throughout England and Scotland.
April 2017 – The UK sees the first of many Hooded Ram Pubs open in Wolverhampton.
July 2017 – New brewery to open at Leigh Terrace, Douglas…
The Hooded Ram Brewing Company was established in 2013 and things got brighter and bigger very quickly.  His Little King Louis IPA was given the prestigious CAMRA award at the Isle of Man Beer Festival in 2014 and the standards were set.
Now available throughout the Island with cask ales stocked in over 20 pubs and available across the UK’s many hotels and restaurants. (http://www.hoodedram.com/the-story/)

Hooded Ram Brewing Company, Hills Meadow, Douglas. Staffed only by its owner, brewer and drayman Robert, he decided to start brewing after becoming involved in the local CAMRA branch in 2010. The brewery shop, located in Hills Meadow, is open Thursday's and Friday's (3:00 to 7:00) and Saturdays (12:00 to 6:00). Tours can be arranged by calling the brewery (http://www.ottosrambles.co.uk/isle-of-man.php)
Okells
The oldest brewery in the Island, and the initiator of the Isle of Man Pure Beer Act, Okells can often be found in pubs in the North West England. (http://isleofmancamra.org/breweries/)


...the large modern Okell's Brewery.
Okell & Son Ltd. Dr. William Okell, a Cheshire surgeon, started Okell's Brewery in Castle Hill, Douglas in 1850. By 1874 Dr. Okell owned many of the pubs on the island, had convinced Tynwald, the island's parliament, to create an act ensuring the purity of beer brewed on the Isle of Man, and built The Falcon Steam Brewery just outside Douglas. In 1972 Okells was bought by Heron & Brearley, a local drinks company. Then, in 1986, it was merged with Castletown Brewery and renamed The Isle of Man Breweries.In August 1994 the company moved to a new purpose built brewery outside Beers brewed are Okells Bitter., Mild, Dr.Okells IPA, Maclir (wheat beer), Red and Altbier. (http://www.ottosrambles.co.uk/isle-of-man.php)

Okell's has been around since 1850. Take a look at our past and see how science, innovation and a unique law inspired today's Pure Perfection. (http://www.okells.co.uk/)



Dr. William Okell, a Cheshire surgeon, started Okell's Brewery in Castle Hill, Douglas, Isle of Man in 1850. He was a man of singular drive and ambition - by 1874 Dr. Okell owned many of the pubs on the island, had convinced Tynwald (the Isle of Man's parliament), to create an act ensuring the purity of beer brewed on the Isle of Man, and built The Falcon Steam Brewery just outside Douglas. .... We care about the beers we make, and for our Head Brewer Kevin Holmes, it's a never ending passion to create the perfect pint of Okell's.
Making the perfect pint from only 4 ingredients is a special skill handed down by generations of Master Brewers.
Continuing our tradition of innovation, Okell's has the only wide gap plate and frame heat exchanger for heating the wort in the Copper in the British Isles.
The pure proof is in the drinking. Check out today's extensive range of Permanent and Seasonal beers! .... Okell & Sons Ltd Old Castletown Road, Kewaigue, Isle of Man IM2 1QG
(http://www.okells.co.uk/past-present)


Okell’s, based in Kewaigue, has been going strong since 1850 and prides itself on its tradition of innovation. Permanent cask beers range from its world-famous bitter and award-winning IPA (India pale ale) to its Manx pale ale. And don’t forget the seasonal cask beers. (https://www.visitisleofman.com/blog/read/2017/03/brewing-up-a-manx-speciality-b62)


THE MANX BREWING PURITY LAW (1874)
‘No brewer shall use in the brewing, making, mixing with, recovering or colouring, any beer or any liquid made to resemble beer, or have in his possession any copperas, coculus indicus, nux vomica, grains of paradise, guinea pepper, or opium or any article, ingredient, or preparation whatever for, or as a substitute for malt, sugar or hops.’ (http://www.okells.co.uk/past-present)




Old Laxey Brewing Company
The smallest brewery on the Island, the beers brewed are mainly sold in the pub next door- the Shore in Laxey. (http://isleofmancamra.org/breweries/)

The Old Laxey Brewery was formed in 1996 and we started brewing in 1997.
We now only brew for the Shore Hotel in Laxey but our beer can sometimes be obtained in the HQ bar in Douglas where the proprietor, Ian Caines, is still the Head Brewer and a director of the brewery.
We have only brewed one beer, Bosum Bitter, with a OG 1038 or 3.8% ABV.  (https://www.iomfoodanddrink.com/item/old-laxey-brewing-co/, https://www.nakedwines.com/producers/old-laxey-brewing-company)

Old Laxey Brewing Co. Ltd
Shore Hotel
Old Laxey Hill
Laxey
Isle of Man
IM4 7DA
(http://www.quaffale.org.uk/php/brewery/169)

History
Brewing started in March 1997 behind the Shore Hotel, although not owned by the pub. A 5 barrel brewplant is used.
Beers Brewed
We do not maintain a list of beers brewed by each brewery. There may be a list on the brewery's own website. We suggest you also visit the entry for Old Laxey Brewing Co. Ltd on the independent and unfortunately no longer updated Beermad.
Regular Outlets
Beer is generally only available at The Shore Hotel. (http://www.quaffale.org.uk/php/brewery/169)
The Shore Hotel is unique on the island as it is the only brewpub. It's in the small harbour village of Old Laxey, which was the original settlement in Laxey and started as a fishing port. Now the small harbour is haven for yachts and the old village is overshadowed by its larger neighbour, confusingly called just Laxey, about a mile (1.6km) away.
The pub is very comfortable and is noted for its food as well as the beer. There is beer garden in a lovely setting overlooking the River Laxey. Inside it is there are many interesting pictures of a local maritime and historical nature.
What caught my eye were the cycling shirts displayed. It turns out they are from Mark Cavendish who, over the previous two months, was in the news a lot for his achievements in the Tour de France and Olympic Games. It turns out that he is a local boy.
There is a building behind the pub and this is the home of the Old Laxey Brewing Company. It has a five barrel plant. This is the brewer's barrel measure and equates to around 21 firkins (9 gallons) of beer.
There is just one beer, Old Laxey Bosun Bitter (3.8%), and it is brewed for the pub. Only very occasionally is it seen in other pubs on the island as a guest bitter. We liked this beer as it was a perfectly ordinary pint of bitter, well-balanced and flavoursome with no taste extremes. The brewery obtains their malt from Bushey's Brewery. The brewery was installed in 1996 and regular brewing commenced in March 1997. (https://www.beervisits.eu/pub-bar-visit/pub-visit-iom-ni-wales/134-pv-isle-of-man/240-old-laxey-isle-of-man-the-shore-hotel)


Old Laxey Brewry: based at the Shore Hotel, Old Laxey. The main beer brewed is Bosun's Bitter brewed in a traditional outbuilding at the rear of the hotel. Established in 1996, it is the Island's smallest independent brewery. The full-bodied Bosun's complies with the 1874 Isle of Man Pure Act. Special's are also occasionally made (http://www.ottosrambles.co.uk/isle-of-man.php)